Vitamin D deficiency is associated with respiratory symptoms and airway wall thickening in smokers with and without COPD: a prospective cohort study

Table 5 Vitamin D concentration effects on imaging characteristics^a

	Vitamin D Effect Estimate^c	Standard Error	p value
% emphysema	−0.018	0.020	0.36
15th percentile of lung density histogram (+ 1000 HU)	0.11	0.059	0.074
% gas trapping	−0.012	0.043	0.78
Segmental airway wall thickness	−0.0013	0.00049	0.0085
Pi10^b	−0.0017	0.0015	0.26
Segmental wall area %	−0.033	0.020	0.098
Change in % emphysema	−0.020	0.011	0.056
Change in % gas trapping	−0.065	0.0263	0.014
Change in segmental airway wall thickness	−0.00014	0.00032	0.65

^aEach row represents the result of a separate regression model
^bsquare root of wall area of hypothetical airway with 10 mm internal perimeter
^cCovariates in linear regression models include age, race, gender, BMI, current smoking status, and scanner model

ISSN: 1471-2466