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Table 1 Clinical characteristics of COPD patients, clustered into synchronized and desynchronized group

From: Cardiorespiratory coupling is associated with exercise capacity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

 

Total (n = 55)

Synchronized (n = 43)

Desynchronized (n = 12)

p-value

Age, years

69 (51–84)

69 (51–84)

77 (52–84)

0.02

Male, n (%)

54 (98.2)

42 (97.7)

12 (100)

1

Smoker, n (%)

49 (89.1)

38 (88.4)

11 (91.7)

1

Current, n (%)

27 (49.1)

20 (46.5)

7 (58.3)

1

Ex-smoker, n (%)

22 (40)

17 (39.5)

5 (41.7)

1

BMI, kg/m2

24.7 (16.7–32.1)

24.2 (16.7–32.0)

26.2 (20.3–30.8)

0.03

Eosinophil Count, number/l

129 (0–615.6)

134.5 (0–615.6)

115.0 (0–329.8)

0.74

Allergic status, n (%)

36 (65.5)

28 (65.1)

8 (66.7)

1

a-IgE, pg/ml

59.7 (2–1652)

65.2 (3.59–1652)

47.0 (2–691)

0.59

HS-CRP, mg/dl

1.7 (0.2–189.7)

1.64 (0.2–37.9)

1.75 (0.2–189.7)

0.65

CAT

10 (2–29)

10 (2–29)

6 (3–29)

0.99

mMRC

1 (0–4)

1 (0–3)

1 (0–4)

0.73

Presence of emphysema, n (%)

33 (60)

27 (62.7)

6 (50)

1

AE history, n (%)

19 (34.5)

16 (37.2)

3 (25)

0.49

Underlying disease

    

 ACO, n (%)

1 (1.8)

0 (0)

1 (8.3)

0.21

 Hypertension, n (%)

17 (30.9)

11 (25.6)

6 (46.2)

0.16

 DM, n (%)

8 (14.5)

5 (11.6)

3 (23.1)

0.35

 CAD, n (%)

3 (5.5)

3 (7.0)

0 (0)

1

 Liver Disease, n (%)

6 (10.9)

6 (14.0)

0 (0)

0.32

 Kidney Disease, n (%)

1 (1.8)

0 (0)

1 (7.7)

0.21

Cardiac echo

    

 Diastolic dysfunction, n (%)

24 (43.6)

20 (46.5)

4 (33.3)

0.51

 E/e' ratio

8.9 (4.5–20.0)

8.8 (4.5–13.0)

11.4 (5.2–20.0)

0.06

 EF, %

65.5 (52–90)

66.5 (52–90)

64.5 (52–78)

0.33

 LA, mm

34 (23–46)

34 (23–46)

33.5 (28–41)

0.99

Drugs

    

 LABA alone, n (%)

4 (7.3)

3 (7.0)

1 (8.3)

1

 LAMA alone, n (%)

1 (1.8)

1 (2.3)

0 (0)

1

 LABA + LAMA, n (%)

20 (36.4)

15 (34.9)

5 (41.7)

0.74

 LABA + ICS, n (%)

3 (5.5)

2 (4.7)

1 (8.3)

0.54

 Triple, n (%)

26 (47.3)

22 (51.2)

4 (33.3)

0.35

 OCS, n (%)

5 (9.1)

4 (9.3)

1 (8.3)

1

 Anti-psychotic agents, n (%)

2 (3.6)

0 (0)

2 (4.8)

1

  1. Data was presented as mean ± SD or median (range) or number (%). Presence of emphysema was defined as presence of emphysema from high resolution computed tomography. Significantly difference between patients in the synchronized group and desynchronized group was defined as P < 0.05
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, BMI body mass index, HS-CRP high sensitivity C reactive protein, CAT chronic obstructive pulmonary disease assessment test, mMRC modified medical research council, ACO asthma and COPD overlap, DM diabetes mellitus, E/e′ ratio the ratio of the transmitral early peak velocity over early diastolic mitral annulus velocity, EF ejection fraction, LA left atrial, LABA Long acting beta agonists, LAMA long acting antimuscarinic agents, ICS inhaled corticosteroids, Triple LABA + LAMA + ICS, OCS oral corticosteroids, AE acute exacerbation
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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