Table 2 Group means or medians for secondary outcomes pre- and post-intervention, and mean within-person change in secondary outcomes, with 95% confidence intervals (CI)
Yoga group | Control group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre, mean/median (CI) | Post, mean/median (CI) | Within-person change, mean (CI) | Pre, mean/median (CI) | Post, mean/median (CI) | Within-person change, mean (CI) | |
Asthma control and quality of life | ||||||
ACQ5, median (CI) | 1.4 (0.6, 2.0) | 0.5 (0.2, 1.8) | − 0.4 (− 1.0, 0.1) | 0.8 (0.0, 2.1) | 0.6 (0.2, 2.2) | 0.2 (− 0.1, 0.5) |
SGRQ—Total score, mean (CI) | 44 (32, 55) | 35 (21, 48) | − 10 (− 21, 1) | 40 (29, 51) | 38 (26, 49) | − 3 (− 11, 6) |
SGRQ—Activity, mean (CI) | 56 (42, 70) | 46 (30, 61) | − 12 (− 25, 2) | 56 (32, 79) | 49 (26, 72) | − 7 (− 18, 5) |
SGRQ—Symptoms, mean (CI) | 48 (31, 65) | 41 (23, 59) | − 8 (− 22, 6) | 40 (25, 55) | 46 (32, 61) | 6 (− 2, 15) |
SGRQ—Impacts, mean (CI) | 35 (24, 47) | 27 (14, 40) | − 9 (− 19, 0) | 31 (21, 42) | 28 (17, 40) | − 3 (− 16, 10) |
EQ-5D—Your health today, median (CI) | 80 (62, 88) | 80 (61, 95) | 7 (− 1, 15) | 85 (67, 93) | 90 (70, 95) | 1 (− 7, 10) |
Number of exacerbations in the 12 months before baseline assessment (“pre”) or the duration since baseline assessment [median 56 weeks] (“post”), median (CI) | 2 (1, 3) | 1 (1, 2) | 0 (− 2, 2) | 3 (2, 3) | 2 (1, 3) | − 1 (− 3,1) |
Physical activity | ||||||
Actigraph: Steps per day, mean (CI) | 4883 (3749, 6017) | 3923 (2828, 5018) | − 101 (− 2073, 1871) | 5652 (3367, 7937) | 6599 (3963, 9234) | 682 (− 912, 2277) |
Actigraph: Sedentary minutes per day, mean (CI) | 791 (656, 925) | 828 (669, 986) | − 100 (− 265, 65) | 792 (586, 999) | 762 (569, 955) | 12 (− 113, 136) |
Actigraph: Moderate-vigorous physical activity mean min/day, median (CI) | 14 (8, 31) | 17 (8, 23) | 2 (− 14, 18) | 14 (5, 64) | 45 (15, 71) | 11 (0, 21) |
Actigraph: Light physical activity mean min/day, median (CI) | 161 (137, 175) | 153 (102, 193) | 12 (− 45, 69) | 140 (124, 163) | 142 (83, 168) | − 12 (− 46, 23) |
IPAQ—Metabolic minutes per week, median (CI) | 960 (198, 1600) | 1302 (362, 2935) | 752 (81, 1423) | 2048 (105, 4073) | 2772 (747, 4916) | 1108 (− 1244, 3461) |
Post-bronchodilator lung function | ||||||
% predicted FEV1, mean (CI) | 75 (61, 88) | 76 (64, 88) | 3 (− 3, 10) | 72 (56, 87) | 73 (51, 96) | 0 (− 6, 6) |
% predicted FVC, mean (CI) | 91 (76, 105) | 92 (78, 106) | 3 (− 5, 11) | 90 (81, 98) | 88 (74, 101) | − 1 (− 10, 8) |
FER, mean (CI) | 0.64 (0.57, 0.72) | 0.65 (0.57, 0.74) | 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.04) | 0.62 (0.48, 0.76) | 0.64 (0.48, 0.80) | 0.00 (− 0.03, 0.03) |
Other physiological outcomes | ||||||
Blood eosinophils, median (CI) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.3) | 0.0 (− 0.1, 0.0) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | 0.1 (0.0, 0.2) | − 0.1 (− 0.2, 0.1) |
FeNO, median (CI) | 20 (10, 46) | 26 (18, 45) | 1 (− 5, 8) | 43 (21, 91) | 36 (13, 69) | − 6 (− 18, 6) |
hs-CRP, median (CI) | 3 (1, 4) | 3 (2, 5) | 1 (− 1, 3) | 1 (1, 10) | 4 (1, 9) | − 6 (− 26, 13) |
BMI, mean (CI) | 32 (28, 35) | 32 (29, 35) | 0 (− 1, 1) | 29 (24, 34) | 29 (24, 35) | 0 (0, 1) |
BIA % body fat mass, mean (CI) | 41 (35, 47) | 42 (37, 48) | 1 (0, 2) | 37 (26, 47) | 38 (28, 47) | 1 (0, 2) |
Total walk distance, mean (CI) | 436 (384, 488) | 453 (392, 513) | 33 (− 2, 67) | 526 (424, 628) | 546 (441, 652) | 20 (− 40, 80) |
Other patient reported outcomes | ||||||
Dyspnea-12—total score (high score is greater symptoms), mean (CI) | 11 (6, 15) | 9 (3, 15) | − 4 (− 8, 1) | 7 (2, 13) | 10 (4, 17) | 4 (− 2, 9) |
HADS Anxiety score (high score is greater symptoms), median (CI) | 6 (4, 9) | 6 (2, 10) | − 1 (− 3, 1) | 4 (0, 7) | 4 (2, 7) | 0 (− 2, 2) |
HADS Depression score (high score is greater symptoms), median (CI) | 3 (3, 8) | 5 (1, 8) | − 1 (− 2, 0) | 4 (1, 8) | 1 (0, 6) | − 1 (− 2, 0) |
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index total (high score is poorer sleep quality), mean (CI) | 8 (6, 9) | 8 (5, 10) | − 1 (− 3, 2) | 7 (5, 9) | 5 (3, 7) | − 1 (− 4, 1) |
Friendship Assessment total score (high score is less social isolation), median (CI) | 20 (18, 24) | 20 (16, 22) | − 1 (− 4, 1) | 23 (13, 24) | 21 (17, 24) | − 1 (− 4, 2) |
CAMS-R total score (high score is more mindfulness), median (CI) | 33 (29, 35) | 34 (28, 37) | 2 (− 1, 5) | 34 (21, 38) | 37 (30, 40) | 4 (− 2, 10) |