Exposure variables | Prevalence of COPD among participants,% (n/N) | OR (95%CI) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking exposure | Annual mean PM2.5 exposure | Model 1a | Model 2b | |||
Non-smokers | N/A | 6.4 (132/2073) | 1 | 1 | ||
Smokers | N/A | 20.6 (275/1334) | 2.64 (1.89, 3.68) | 2.46 (1.76, 3.43) | ||
N/A | < 75 μg/m3 | 10.9 (/2,462,267) | 1 | 1 | ||
N/A | ≥ 75 μg/m3 | 14.1 (161/1140) | 1.26 (1.01, 1.58) | 1.29 (1.02, 1.64) | ||
Non-smokers | < 75 μg/m3 | 6.3 (90/1420) | 1 | 1 | ||
Non-smokers | ≥ 75 μg/m3 | 6.4 (42/653) | 1.00 (0.67, 1.46) | 1.10 (0.74, 1.64) | ||
Smokers | < 75 μg/m3 | 18.4 (156/847) | 2.29 (1.56, 3.37) | 1 | 2.22 (1.51, 3.27) | 1 |
Smokers | ≥ 75 μg/m3 | 24.4 (119/487) | 2.96 (2.04, 4.31) | 1.43 (1.09, 1.88) c | 3.14 (2.15, 4.59) | 1.36 (1.01, 1.83)c |