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Table 3 Subgroup analysis for the effects of HOMA-IR on annual change in lung function

From: Association between insulin resistance and lung function trajectory over 4 years in South Korea: community-based prospective cohort

Exposure: per one unit increase log-transformed HOMA-IR Adjusted beta (CI, P-value) Outcome: annual change in lung function
∆ FEV1 (%-predicted/year) ∆ FVC (%-predicted/year)
P for interaction Adjusted beta (CI, P-value) P for interaction  
Subgroup No. of people
Age (years)  < 50 (n = 2177) 0.04 (− 0.13 to 0.22, 0.613) 0.003 0.03 (− 0.15 to 0.20, 0.775) 0.153
 ≥ 50 (n = 2650) − 0.41 (− 0.58 to − 0.24, < 0.001)   − 0.33 (− 0.51 to − 0.16, < 0.001)  
Sex Male (n = 2186) − 0.24 (− 0.41 to − 0.07, 0.006) 0.798 − 0.15 (− 0.33 to 0.03, 0.103) 0.554
Female (n = 2641) − 0.22 (− 0.40 to − 0.05, 0.012)   − 0.24 (− 0.41 to − 0.06, 0.008)  
Current or past smoker No (n = 2812) − 0.18 (− 0.34 to − 0.02, 0.027) 0.447 − 0.18 (− 0.34 to − 0.02, 0.012) 0.941
Yes (n = 2015) − 0.30 (− 0.48 to − 0.11, 0.002)   − 0.18 (− 0.37 to 0.01, 0.060)  
Active physical activity No (n = 2512) − 0.17 (− 0.32 to − 0.02, 0.028) 0.496 − 0.12 (− 0.28 to 0.04, 0.002) 0.423
Yes (n = 2315) − 0.31 (− 0.50 to − 0.11, 0.002)   − 0.29 (− 0.49 to − 0.10, 0.004)  
High BP No (n = 4043) − 0.21 (− 0.35 to − 0.08, 0.002) 0.579 − 0.20 (− 0.33 to − 0.06, 0.004) 0.919
Yes (n = 784) − 0.35 (− 0.66 to − 0.03, 0.030)   − 0.27 (− 0.60 to 0.06, 0.104)  
Annual averaged BMI (kg/m2)  < 24 (n = 2223) − 0.30 (− 0.50 to − 0.11, 0.002) 0.345 − 0.22 (− 0.42 to − 0.03, 0.023) 0.998
 ≥ 24 (n = 2604) − 0.17 (− 0.33 to − 0.02, 0.031)   − 0.19 (− 0.35 to − 0.02, 0.026)  
Annual averaged eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2)  < 84 (n = 2496) − 0.22 (− 0.39 to − 0.05, 0.010) 0.387 − 0.10 (− 0.27 to 0.07, 0.256) 0.751
 ≥ 84 (n = 2331) − 0.24 (− 0.42 to − 0.06, 0.010)   − 0.31 (− 0.49 to − 0.12, 0.001)  
Annual averaged WBC count (× 103/μL)  < 6.3 (n = 2396) − 0.26 (− 0.44 to − 0.08, 0.006) 0.643 − 0.15 (− 0.34 to 0.04, 0.121) 0.735
 ≥ 6.3 (n = 2431) − 0.21 (− 0.37 to − 0.05, 0.012)   − 0.22 (− 0.40 to − 0.05, 0.013)  
Annual averaged Hemoglobin (mg/dL)  < 13.5 (n = 2462) − 0.17 (− 0.35 to 0.02, 0.080) 0.713 − 0.12 (− 0.31 to 0.07, 0.217) 0.425
 ≥ 13.5 (n = 2365) − 0.29 (− 0.45 to − 0.14, < 0.001)   − 0.24 (− 0.40 to − 0.08, 0.004)  
  1. Adjusted beta and 95% CIs were analyzed using the multivariate linear regression. Age, sex, college graduate, high income, smoking status, active physical activity, and annual averaged values of BMI, systolic and diastolic BP, waist circumference, fasting glucose, HbA1c, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, eGFR, WBC count, hemoglobin, and CRP level were included for adjustment. The variable used to divide subgroup was excluded from this analysis
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