Table 2 Reported clinical characteristics and ECMO outcomes for severely COVID-19 patients
Study | Spatiotemporal information | Total number of patients | ECMO Usage | Duration of ECMO use (days) | ICU overall morality, n (%) | ECMO outcome | ECMO morality, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yang X [10] | 21 ICUs in Hubei, China from late December, 2019, to May 31, 2020 | 73 ICU patients | Usage rate 100% (73/73), all V-V ECMO | 18.5 (12–30) | 59 (80.8%) | 10 discharged from ICU,2 successfully weaned off ECMO but remain on mechanical ventilation, 2 remains on ECMO, 59 died | 59(80.8%) for 60-days |
Zhang G [56] | In Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan, China) from January 2, 2020 to February 10, 2020 | 44 ICU patients | Usage rate 23% (10/44), unknown mode | Unknown | 9 (21%) | 2 discharged, 5 remains on ECMO, 3 died | 3(30%) |
Zeng Y [12] | Two medical centers of Wuhan, China, early stage of COVID-19 | 12 ICU patients | Usage rate 100% (12/12), unknown mode | 11.3 (3–28) | 5 (42%) | 3 improved without ECMO, 4 still alive on ECMO but 2 with coma, other 5 died | 5(42%) |
Li X [57] | In Shanghai, China from January 30, 2020 to March 25, 2020 | 8 ICU patients | Usage rate 100% (8/8), 7 V-V ECMO, 1 V-A ECMO | 37 (18–47), expect V-A ECMO (3 h) | 4 (50%; 3 V-V ECMO, 1 V-A ECMO) | 4 died, 3 successfully weaned off ECMO but remain on mechanical ventilation, 1 still on V-V ECMO with mechanical ventilation | 4(50%) |
Belhadjer [53] | Twelve hospitals in France and one hospital in Switzerland from March 22, 2020 to April 30, 2020 | 35 child patients with febrile cardiogenic shock or left ventricular dysfunction and inflammatory state | Usage rate 28% (10/35), all V-A ECMO | 4.5 (3–6) | 0 (0%) | ECMO was successfully weaned in all | 0 (0%) |
Osho [25] | First month of the COVID-19 outbreak in Massachusetts | 6 ICU patients | 100% (6/6), all V-V ECMO | 12 (4–18) | 1 (17%) | 1 died on ECMO, 5 alive with 4 successfully decannulated, including 2 successfully extubated and 1 discharged | 1 (17%) |
Jacobs [54] | In USA from March 17, 2020 to April 9, 2020 | 32 ICU patients | Usage rate 100% (32/32), 27 on V-V ECMO, 5 on V-A ECMO | 6 (5–10) | 10 (31%) | 10 died before or shortly after decannulation, 22 alive (17 remain on ECMO, 5 successfully decannulated and extubated) | 10(31%) |
Le Breton [55] | In Paris from March 8, 2020 to April 18, 2020 | 13 ICU patients | Usage rate 100% (13/13), all V-V ECMO | 13 (3–34) | 2 (15%) | 11 alive (discharged from ICU) with 2 died on mechanical ventilation | 2 (15%) |
Kon [58] | In New York University Langone Health (NYULH) Manhattan campus from March 10, 2020 to April 24, 2020 | 27 ICU patients | Usage rate 100% (27/27), all V-V ECMO | 11 (10–14) | 1 (4%) | 26 alive (13 remain on ECMO, 13 successfully decannulated) with 1 died on ECMO | 1 (4%) |
Schmidt M [11] | In Paris–Sorbonne University Hospital from March 8, 2020 to May 2, 2020 | 492 ICU patients | Usage rate 16.9% (83/492), 81 (97%) on V-V ECMO, 1 (1%) on V-A ECMO, 1 (1%) on V-VA ECMO | 20 (10–40) | Unknown | 48 alive and discharged from the ICU, 5 alive and still in the ICU, 30 died | 30(36.1%) |
Barbaro RP [16] | At 213 hospitals in 36 countries from Jan 16, 2020 to May 1, 2020 | 1035 patients aged 16 years or older | Usage rate 100% (1035/1035), 978 (94%) on V-V ECMO, 44 (4%) on V-A ECMO, 9 (0.9%) on V-VA ECMO, and 4(0.4%) received other ECMO support | 13.9(7.8–23.3) | Unknown | 968 (94%) of 1035 patients were discharged from hospital alive (588), died (380) | 380 (39%) |