Disparities in access to food and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis

Table 1 Participant characteristics

Data are given as percentages unless otherwise indicated
Bold values indicate statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level
^aFood desert refers to areas defined as both low food access and low income tracts. Low food access refers to a census tract with at least 500 people or 33 percent of the population living more than 1/2 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest supermarket, supercenter, or large grocery store. Low income tract refers to a census tract where the tract's poverty rate is 20 percent or greater, or the tract's median family income is less than or equal to 80% of the State-wide median family income, or the tract is in a metropolitan area and has a median family income less than or equal to 80 percent of the metropolitan area's median family income
^bStratum 3 includes participants with > 20 pack-years and mild/moderate COPD with FEV₁ /FVC < 0.7 and FEV1 > 50% predicted (GOLD stage 1 and 2) measured during enrollment. Stratum 4 includes participants with > 20 pack-years and severe COPD with FEV₁ /FVC < 0.7 and FEV₁ < 50% predicted (GOLD stage 3 and 4) measured during enrollment [24]

ISSN: 1471-2466