| |
Food deserta (N = 604)
|
Non-food deserta (N = 2109)
|
p Value
|
|---|
|
FEV1% pred., mean ± SD
|
71.7 ± 27.2
|
73.4 ± 26.3
|
0.159
|
|
COPD (Strata 3 & 4)b, %
|
64.2
|
66.9
|
0.230
|
|
Age, mean ± SD
|
60.6 ± 8.8
|
64.3 ± 8.8
|
< 0.001
|
|
Female, %
|
50.2
|
44.9
|
0.021
|
|
White, %
|
61.8
|
80.9
|
< 0.001
|
|
Some college or above, %
|
44.9
|
59.4
|
< 0.001
|
|
Income, %
| | |
< 0.001
|
|
Under $15,000, %
|
30.8
|
17.2
| |
|
$15,000–$34,999, %
|
24.0
|
17.7
| |
|
$35,000–$49,999, %
|
11.5
|
12.7
| |
|
$50,000–$74,999, %
|
11.8
|
15.0
| |
|
> $75,000, %
|
8.0
|
19.5
| |
|
Decline to answer, %
|
13.8
|
18.0
| |
|
Married, %
|
35.6
|
50.0
|
< 0.001
|
|
Nonrural, %
|
98.3
|
86.2
|
< 0.001
|
|
BMI, %
|
28.3 ± 5.6
|
27.8 ± 5.2
|
0.064
|
|
Currently Smoking, %
|
54.1
|
36.0
|
< 0.001
|
|
Pack years, mean ± SD
|
47.6 ± 32.8
|
49.8 ± 25.0
|
0.082
|
|
Low income tract, %
|
100.0
|
23.1
|
< 0.001
|
|
Low food access, %
|
100.0
|
55.5
|
< 0.001
|
- Data are given as percentages unless otherwise indicated
- Bold values indicate statistical significance at the p < 0.05 level
- aFood desert refers to areas defined as both low food access and low income tracts. Low food access refers to a census tract with at least 500 people or 33 percent of the population living more than 1/2 mile (urban areas) or 10 miles (rural areas) from the nearest supermarket, supercenter, or large grocery store. Low income tract refers to a census tract where the tract's poverty rate is 20 percent or greater, or the tract's median family income is less than or equal to 80% of the State-wide median family income, or the tract is in a metropolitan area and has a median family income less than or equal to 80 percent of the metropolitan area's median family income
- bStratum 3 includes participants with > 20 pack-years and mild/moderate COPD with FEV1 /FVC < 0.7 and FEV1 > 50% predicted (GOLD stage 1 and 2) measured during enrollment. Stratum 4 includes participants with > 20 pack-years and severe COPD with FEV1 /FVC < 0.7 and FEV1 < 50% predicted (GOLD stage 3 and 4) measured during enrollment [24]
