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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the overall analyzed cohort, survivors and non-survivors

From: Risk prediction in medically treated chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

 

All

N = 432

Survivors

N = 338

Non-survivors

N = 94

P value#

Age (years)

53.54 ± 12.25

53.23 ± 12.24

54.68 ± 12.26

0.185

Males, n (%)

226 (52.3)

173 (51.2)

53 (56.4)

0.372

BMI (kg/m2)

24.01 ± 3.90

24.15 ± 3.82

23.51 ± 4.15

0.080

Time from symptoms to diagnosis (months)

29.84 ± 33.34

29.43 ± 32.76

31.34 ± 35.50

0.412

Newly diagnosis, n (%)

256 (59.3)

197 (58.3)

59 (62.8)

0.434

WHO-FC, n (%)

0.069

   

I/II

207 (47.9)

169 (50.0)

38 (40.4)

 

III

199 (46.1)

152 (45.0)

47 (50.0)

 

IV

26 (6.0)

17 (5.0)

9 (9.6)

 

SBP (mmHg)

116.95 ± 16.78

117.31 ± 16.64

115.68 ± 17.31

0.407

DBP (mmHg)

78.81 ± 40.03

79.21 ± 44.85

77.38 ± 11.11

0.411

6MWD (m)

352.59 ± 107.51

360.93 ± 10.328

322.60 ± 117.28

0.010

Borg dyspnea index

2.76 ± 2.01

2.7 ± 1.98

2.98 ± 2.11

0.386

Hemodynamics

SvO2 (%)

63.69 ± 10.59

64.90 ± 9.96

59.35 ± 11.66

< 0.001

HR (beats)

81.67 ± 13.71

81.45 ± 13.91

82.45 ± 13.02

0.573

RVSP (mmHg)

86.80 ± 23.48

85.22 ± 23.64

92.47 ± 22.09

0.012

RVEDP (mmHg)

9.07 ± 7.81

8.48 ± 7.78

11.20 ± 7.56

0.001

RAP (mmHg)

7.18 ± 5.50

6.60 ± 4.94

9.26 ± 6.79

0.001

sPAP (mmHg)

87.22 ± 21.09

85.64 ± 20.71

92.91 ± 21.55

0.006

dPAP (mmHg)

31.53 ± 11.47

30.68 ± 10.65

34.61 ± 13.67

0.007

mPAP (mmHg)

50.36 ± 13.38

49.14 ± 12.50

54.77 ± 15.44

0.002

CI (L·min−1·m−2)

2.35 ± 0.83

2.47 ± 0.86

1.92 ± 0.57

< 0.001

PAWP (mm Hg)

8.16 ± 3.35

8.17 ± 3.50

8.13 ± 2.78

0.943

PVR (dyn·s·cm−5)

1014.38 ± 520.39

919.07 ± 425.89

1357.10 ± 667.84

< 0.001

Laboratory test

NT-proBNP (fmol/L)*

810.25 (223.78: 2313.00)

723.00 (181.90: 2093.00)

1458.00 (402.88: 3774.00)

0.003

Hemoglobin (g/L)

149.59 ± 20.38

149.70 ± 20.00

149.23 ± 21.79

0.668

Uric acid (µmol/L)

418.21 ± 126.38

411.47 ± 121.57

442.41 ± 140.40

0.080

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.23 ± 1.25

5.27 ± 1.18

5.09 ± 1.50

0.028

TBIL (µmol/L)

22.44 ± 14.81

21.08 ± 14.00

27.31 ± 29.27

0.001

ALT (IU/L)

29.09 ± 21.39

28.76 ± 21.26

30.27 ± 21.93

0.743

AST (IU/L)

28.65 ± 19.47

27.94 ± 18.54

31.20 ± 22.42

0.020

Creatinine (µmol/L)

82.27 ± 18.95

80.91 ± 18.86

87.15 ± 18.58

0.005

BUN (mmol/L)

6.38 ± 2.00

6.19 ± 1.88

7.06 ± 2.29

< 0.001

Pulmonary function test

FEV1 (% predicted)

80.42 ± 16.88

80.88 ± 16.80

78.77 ± 17.18

0.211

FEV1/FVC (% predicted)

82.08 ± 14.29

82.69 ± 13.82

79.81 ± 15.82

0.055

DLCO (% predicted)

67.37 ± 17.34

67.88 ± 17.46

65.54 ± 16.87

0.148

Echocardiography

LVEF (%)

64.13 ± 7.53

64.07 ± 7.18

64.33 ± 8.72

0.936

LAAPD (mm)

32.68 ± 6.13

32.56 ± 5.95

33.10 ± 6.75

0.746

LVEDD (mm)

37.52 ± 7.11

37.65 ± 11.22

35.83 ± 7.39

0.006

RVAPD (mm)

38.88 ± 11.11

37.65 ± 11.22

43.29 ± 9.52

< 0.001

Comorbidities, n (%)

Atrial fibrillation

17 (3.9)

12 (3.6)

5 (5.3)

0.435

COPD

10 (2.3)

8 (2.4)

2 (2.1)

0.891

Coronary heart disease

31 (7.2)

23 (6.8)

8 (8.5)

0.571

Diabetes

18 (4.2)

15 (4.4)

3 (2.2)

0.593

Hypertension

88 (20.4)

69 (20.4)

19 (20.2)

0.966

Chronic kidney disease**

92 (21.3)

61 (18.0)

31 (33.0)

0.002

OSAS

27 (6.3)

26 (7.7)

1 (1.1)

0.019

Thyroid disease

14 (3.2)

9 (2.7)

5 (5.3)

0.198

Pulmonary embolism

251 (58.1)

192 (56.8)

59 (62.8)

0.300

Deep vein thrombosis

104 (24.1)

88 (26.0)

16 (17.0)

0.071

Obesity

47 (10.9)

37 (10.9)

10 (10.6)

0.932

Pericardial effusion

42 (9.7)

30 (8.9)

12 (12.8)

0.260

Targeted drugs, n (%)※

Any targeted drugs

239 (55.3)

193 (57.1)

46 (48.9)

0.159

ERAs

56 (13.0)

47 (139)

9 (9.6)

0.269

PDE5i

169 (39.1)

132 (39.1)

37 (39.4)

0.915

PCA

37 (8.6)

31 (9.2)

6 (6.4)

0.393

Combination therapy

40 (9.3)

34 (10.1)

6 (6.4)

0.182

Anticoagulation, n (%)

Warfarin

366 (84.7)

279 (82.5)

87 (92.6)

0.017

DOAC

28 (6.5)

27 (8.0)

1 (1.1)

0.016

Heparin

55 (12.7)

41 (12.1)

14 (14.9)

0.592

CCB, n (%)

93 (21.5)

77 (22.8)

16 (17.0)

0.229

Digoxin, n (%)

173 (40.0)

135 (39.9)

38 (40.4)

0.932

Diuretics, n (%)

350 (81.0)

271 (80.2)

79 (84.0)

0.398

Oxygen, n (%)

185 (42.8)

143 (42.3)

42 (44.7)

0.681

MRA, n (%)┼

241 (82.8)

191 (81.6)

50 (87.7)

0.274

Statin, n (%)

17 (3.9)

17 (5.0)

0

0.027

  1. BMI: body mass index; WHO-FC: World Health Organization functional class; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; 6MWD: 6 min walking distance; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation; HR: heart rate; RVSP: right ventricular systolic pressure; RVEDP: right ventricular end diastolic pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; dPAP: diastolic pulmonary artery pressure; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; CI: cardiac index; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide; TBIL: total bilirubin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC: forced vital capacity; DLCO: diffusion capacity; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; LAAPD: left atrial anteroposterior diameter; LVEDD: left ventricular end diastolic diameter; RVAPD: right ventricular anteroposterior diameter; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; ERA: endothelin receptor antagonists; PDE5i: phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors; PCA: prostacyclin analogues; DOAC: direct oral anticoagulants; CCB: calcium channel blockers; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist
  2. #comparison between survivors and non-survivors; *median (interquartile range); **CKD stage 3 or more; ※no patients received stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase; ┼ data only available in 291 patients, among whom 234 were survivors and 57 were non-survivors
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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