Table 5 Prognostic factors of acute exacerbation of systemic autoimmune disease-associated interstitial lung disease by univariate analysis
Potential prognostic factorsa | Studies (n)b | Effect estimates (95% confidence interval)c |
|---|---|---|
Demographic features | ||
Age (at acute exacerbation) | Meta-analysis (n = 3) | MD 0.41 (− 8.74 to 9.57) (year) |
Manfredi [55] | MD 6.55 (− 4.40 to 17.5) (year)d | |
Liang [54] | MD 0.00 (− 6.49 to 6.49) (year) e | |
Enomoto [50] | HR 1.03 (p = 0.50) (year) | |
Sex (men) | Enomoto [50] | HR 3.19 (p = 0.29) |
Ishikawa [53] | OR 0.50 (0.03–8.95) | |
Liang [54] | OR 1.85 (0.66–5.17) | |
Singh [60] | RR 1.33 (0.32–5.58) | |
Smoking history (ever-smoking vs. non-smoking) | Singh [60] | RR 1.83 (0.46–7.25) |
Liang [54] | OR 1.22 (0.37–4.07) | |
Parambil [58] | OR 4.20 (0.12–152.0) | |
Pulmonary function (before acute exacerbation) | ||
FVC | Meta-analysis (n = 3) | MD − 5.95 (− 13.9 to 1.99) (% of predicted value) |
Enomoto [50] | HR 1.07 (p = 0.35) (%of predicted value) | |
Underlying radiological features | ||
UIP pattern on HRCT | Meta-analysis (n = 3) | OR 0.70 (0.24–2.08) |
Manfredi [55] | RR 2.00 (0.37–10.9) | |
Singh [60] | RR 0.42 (0.03–5.78) | |
Laboratory findings (at acute exacerbation) | ||
PaO2/FiO2 | Cao [49] | HR 0.989 (0.985–0.994) |
Enomoto [50] | HR 0.99 (p = 0.18) | |
Manfredi [55] | MD − 18.3 (− 77.4 to 40.9) | |
LDH | Cao [49] | HR 1.004 (1.002–1.005) (U/L) |
Enomoto [50] | HR 1.001 (p = 0.63) (IU/L) | |
Liang [54] | MD 24.2 (− 86.2 to 134.5) (U/L) | |