Table 1 Patient characteristics in all patients

Age

73.4 ± 6.7

70.6 ± 6.5

0.045

70.5 ± 6.2

0.027

Sex

 Male

50 (78.1)

19 (82.6)

0.644

39 (90.7)

0.088

 Female

14 (21.9)

4 (17.4)

4 (9.3)

Smoking status

 Current smoker

25 (39.0)

11 (47.8)

0.466

18 (41.9)

0.772

 Ex-smoker

39 (61.0)

12 (52.2)

25 (58.1)

Tobacco, pack-years

53.2 ± 27.3

60.6 ± 29.4

0.301

63.8 ± 40.2

0.052

Pulmonary function

 FEV₁ (mL)

1787.5 ± 558.8

1429.5 ± 412.5

0.005

2168.8 ± 535.2

 < 0.001

 FEV₁/FVC (%)

58.3 ± 9.6

53. 4 ± 11.4

0.049

61.4 ± 10.2

0.106

 FEV₁%pred (%)

85.3 ± 22.6

64.3 ± 12.4

 < 0.001

94.6 ± 2.9

0.017

Severity of AFL

 Mild

32 (50.0)

1 (4.4)

 < 0.001

36 (83.7)

 < 0.001

 Moderate to severe

32 (50.0)

22 (95.6)

7 (16.3)

Comorbidities

 Cardiovascular disease

38 (59.4)

13 (56.5)

0.812

33 (76.7)

0.575

 Diabetes mellitus

17 (26.6)

6 (26.1)

0.964

12 (27.9)

0.878

Surgical procedure

 Pneumonectomy

1 (1.6)

0

0.367

0

0.844

 Lobectomy

56 (87.5)

23 (100.0)

40 (93.0)

 Segmentectomy

2 (3.1)

0

1 (2.3)

 Partial resection

5 (7.8)

0

2 (4.7)

Histology

 Adenocarcinoma

31 (48.4)

6 (26.1)

0.172

26 (60.5)

0.450

 Squamous cell carcinoma

28 (43.8)

14 (60.9)

15 (34.9)

 Other

5 (7.8)

3 (13.0)

2 (4.7)

Pathologic staging

 I

50 (78.1)

11 (47.8)

0.014

33 (76.7)

0.411

 II

8 (12.5)

9 (39.1)

3 (7.0)

 III

6 (9.4)

3 (13.0)

7 (16.3)

Recurrence (present)

7 (10.9)

11 (47.8)

 < 0.001

15 (34.9)

0.003