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Table 2 Data on target lesions

From: Predictive risk factors for pneumothorax after transbronchial biopsy using endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath

 

Total

No pneumothorax

Pneumothorax

n = 916

n = 886

n = 30

Lesion size

 Median (IQR) mm

23.08 (17.1–32.8)

23.13 (17.1–32.8)

20.38 (17.4–33.2)

 < 20 mm (long diameter)

338 (36.9%)

325 (36.7%)

13 (43.3%)

Findings of thin-section CT

 GGN*

53 (5.8%)

47 (5.3%)

6 (20.0%)

 Solid

863 (94.2%)

839 (94.5%)

24 (80.0%)

Location

 Right upper lobe or left upper segments

448 (48.9%)

440 (49.7%)

8 (26.7%)

 Middle lobe or lingula

127 (13.9%)

119 (13.4%)

8 (26.7%)

 Lower lobe

341 (37.2%)

327 (36.9%)

14 (46.7%)

 Segments located in the sagittal direction**

214 (23.4%)

201 (22.7%)

13 (43.3%)

CT bronchus sign***

 A

518 (56.7%)

503 (56.7%)

15 (50.0%)

 B

336 (36.7%)

323 (36.5%)

13 (43.3%)

 C

62 (6.8%)

60 (6.8%)

2 (6.7%)

Pleural involvement

 Contact or indentation

344 (37.5%)

333 (37.6%)

11 (36.7%)

 No contact

572 (62.5%)

553 (62.4%)

19 (63.3%)

Fluoroscopic view

 Visible

643 (70.2%)

627 (70.8%)

16 (53.3%)

 Not visible

273 (29.8%)

259 (29.2%)

14 (46.7%)

EBUS findings

 Within

558 (60.9%)

543 (61.2%)

15 (53.3%)

 Adjacent to

236 (25.8%)

227 (25.6%)

9 (30.0%)

 Blizzard sign and mixed-blizzard sign

97 (10.5%)

92 (10.3%)

5 (16.7%)

 Outside

25 (2.7%)

24 (2.7%)

1 (3.3%)

Bronchoscopic diagnosis

 Malignancy

647 (70.6%)

633 (71.4%)

14 (46.7%)

 Infection

55 (6.0%)

50 (5.6%)

5 (16.7%)

 Organizing pneumonia

45 (4.9%)

45 (5.1%)

0 (0.0%)

 Other inflammatory lesions

61 (6.7%)

60 (6.7%)

1 (3.3%)

 Undiagnosed

108 (11.8%)

98 (12.1%)

10 (33.3%)

Final diagnosis

 Lung cancer or other malignancy

651 (71.1%)

634 (71.6%)

17 (56.7%)

 Infectious disease

56 (6.1%)

51 (5.7%)

5 (16.7%)

 Inflammatory disease

121 (13.2%)

116 (13.1%)

5 (16.7%)

 Other benign disease

88 (9.6%)

85 (9.6%)

3 (10.0%)

  1. Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; EBUS, endobronchial ultrasonography
  2. *GGN, ground-glass-opacity-predominant nodule (consolidation-to-tumor ratio of < 0.5)
  3. ** Lung segments that present with a sagittal orientation on fluoroscopy (right: S2a, S3b, S5ab, S6a, S6c, S10a, S10c; left: S1 + 2b, S3b, S5ab, S6a, S6c, S10a, S10c)
  4. *** CT bronchus sign: type A (the responsible bronchus clearly reached the inside of the target lesion); type C (no bronchus could be detected in relation to the lesion); or type B (neither type A nor type C) [3]