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Table 2 Etiology of hypoxemic respiratory failure in cases with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300 mm Hg

From: Etiology-associated heterogeneity in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective cohort study

Causes of hypoxemia

Etiologies of hypoxemia

n (%)

ARDS (n = 258)

Pulmonary ARDS, n = 137 (53.1%)

Pneumonia, total

125 (48.4)

 Bacterial pneumonia

87 (33.7)

 Viral pneumonia

16 (6.2)

 Fungal pneumonia

22 (8.5)

Aspiration

8 (3.1)

Vasculitis

4 (1.6)

Extra-pulmonary ARDS, n = 59 (22.9%)

Extra-pulmonary sepsis

30 (11.6)

Noncardiogenic shock

9 (3.5)

Transfusion

6 (2.3)

Drug toxicity

5 (1.9)

Pancreatitis

3 (1.2)

Burn

3 (1.2)

Trauma

3 (1.2)

Unclassified, n = 62 (24%)

Uncertain

62 (24)

Non-ARDS hypoxemia with PaO2/FiO2 ratios ≤ 300 (n = 294)

Hydrostatic lung edema

123 (41.8)

Pneumonia

80 (27.2)

Cancer, lung or metastatic cancer

32 (10.9)

Pleural effusion or diseases

21 (7.1)

Atelectasis

16 (5.4)

Lung fibrosis

9 (3.1)

Other

13 (4.4)

  1. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome