Table 4 Comparison of gas exchange, organ dysfunction, biomarkers in coagulation and inflammation and mortality between the major etiologies of ARDS
Etiologies of ARDS | Pneumonia | Aspiration | Non-pulmonary sepsis | p-valuesa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All pneumonia | Bacteria | Influenza | Pneumocystis jiroveci | ||||
Respiratory parameters | |||||||
 PaO2/FiO2 ratios | 143 (99–194) | 142 (94–197) | 128 (73–144) | 143 (116–266) | 166 (120–183) | 122 (87–194) | 0.66 |
 Ventilatory ratios | 1.5 (1.2–2.0) | 1.6 (1.1–2.1) | 1.8 (1.7–2.2) | 1.4 (1.2–1.8) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 0.20 |
 Static respiratory compliance, mL/cm H2O | 32 (25–41) | 30 (24–41) | 34 (32–46) | 33 (25–42) | 30 (24–38) | 29 (25–44) | 0.92 |
Non-pulmonary organ dysfunction | |||||||
 Vasopressor users, % | 48 (39–57) | 56 (45–67) | 33 (7–70) | 27 (8–55) | 63 (24–91) | 73 (54–88) | 0.03 |
 Non-pulmonary  SOFA score | 6 (3–8) | 6 (3–9) | 4 (2–7) | 5 (2–8) | 8 (5–11) | 9 (6–12) |  < 0.001 |
Biomarkers in inflammation and coagulation | |||||||
 C-reactive protein, mg/dL | 15.9 (8–23.1) | 16.5 (9.7–25.7) | 15.4 (6.6–22.1) | 15.5 (8.5–18.8) | 16 (1.9–19) | 10.3 (2.8–16.5) | 0.16 |
 D-dimer, mg/L | 4.2 (2.1–7.8) | 4.9 (2.4–8.9) | 5.7 (3.3–9.5) | 1.9 (1.7–6.2) | 17.3 (1–31.3) | 9.7 (3.6–14.8) | 0.07 |
 Lactic acid, mmol/L | 2.2 (1.5–3.5) | 2.3 (1.5–4.2) | 1.9 (1.5–2.1) | 1.9 (1.1–2.4) | 3.1 (2.5–13.5) | 5.6 (2.6–8.4) |  < 0.001 |
Outcome | |||||||
 30-day mortality, % | 43 (34–52) | 43 (32–54) | 22 (3–60) | 53 (27–79) | 63 (24–91) | 67 (47–83) | 0.04 |