From: Evaluation of blood and tooth element status in asthma cases: a preliminary case–control study
Control Group | Asthma Group | p | |
---|---|---|---|
n | 26 | 17 | |
Child characteristics | |||
Age, years* | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 7.7 ± 1.8 | 0.885 |
Gender, Male, %** | 53.8 | 52.9 | 0.954 |
Gestational length, week* | 39.1 ± 2.1 | 38.9 ± 1.7 | 0.737 |
Birth weight, gram* | 3283 ± 687 | 3129 ± 383 | 0.406 |
Breastfeeding > 12 mo, %** | 80.8 | 87.5 | 0.690 |
Formula milk feeding, %** | 32.0 | 23.5 | 0.731 |
Fe prophylaxis during infancy period, %** | 57.7 | 47.1 | 0.494 |
Iron deficiency anemia history, %** | 15.4 | 35.3 | 0.158 |
Vitamin prophylaxis during infancy period, %** | 34.6 | 41.2 | 0.663 |
Weight for age, z score* | 0.17 ± 0.82 | 0.60 ± 1.33 | 0.275 |
Height for age, z score* | 0.45 ± 0.93 | 0.29 ± 1.23 | 0.628 |
Body mass index z score* | − 0.11 ± 0.95 | 0.67 ± 1.51 | 0.068 |
History of tooth decay, %** | 73.1 | 82.4 | 0.714 |
Presence of tooth decay or filling in mouth, %** | 46.2 | 41.2 | 0.748 |
Studied tooth samples, incisors, %** | 88.5 | 70.6 | 0.230 |
Hemograms | |||
Hemoglobin, g/dL* | 12.8 ± 1.0 | 12.6 ± 0.8 | 0.661 |
Mean corpuscular volume, %* | 80.5 ± 5.5 | 79.7 ± 7.1 | 0.666 |
Red cell distribution width, %* | 13.7 ± 0.8 | 14.2 ± 1.2 | 0.150 |
White blood cell*, mm3 | 8.3 ± 2.6 | 8.4 ± 1.7 | 0.975 |
Platelets*, mm3 | 304.5 ± 75.6 | 306.6 ± 86.7 | 0.933 |
Parental characteristics | |||
Maternal age at the birth of index child, years* | 26.9 ± 6.6 | 28.3 ± 5.3 | 0.460 |
Paternal age at the birth of index child, years* | 30.9 ± 5.6 | 32.9 ± 4.9 | 0.229 |
Maternal education > 8 years** | 65.4 | 64.7 | 0.964 |
Paternal education > 8 years** | 75.0 | 68.8 | 0.728 |
Maternal occupation, presence** | 61.5 | 41.2 | 0.191 |
Parental smoking** | 0.008 | ||
None | 42.3 | 11.8a | |
Only one parent | 42.3 | 29.4a | |
Both of them | 15.4 | 58.8b |