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Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the study population

From: Evaluation of blood and tooth element status in asthma cases: a preliminary case–control study

 

Control Group

Asthma Group

p

n

26

17

 

Child characteristics

   

 Age, years*

7.8 ± 1.7

7.7 ± 1.8

0.885

 Gender, Male, %**

53.8

52.9

0.954

 Gestational length, week*

39.1 ± 2.1

38.9 ± 1.7

0.737

 Birth weight, gram*

3283 ± 687

3129 ± 383

0.406

 Breastfeeding > 12 mo, %**

80.8

87.5

0.690

 Formula milk feeding, %**

32.0

23.5

0.731

 Fe prophylaxis during infancy period, %**

57.7

47.1

0.494

 Iron deficiency anemia history, %**

15.4

35.3

0.158

 Vitamin prophylaxis during infancy period, %**

34.6

41.2

0.663

 Weight for age, z score*

0.17 ± 0.82

0.60 ± 1.33

0.275

 Height for age, z score*

0.45 ± 0.93

0.29 ± 1.23

0.628

 Body mass index z score*

− 0.11 ± 0.95

0.67 ± 1.51

0.068

 History of tooth decay, %**

73.1

82.4

0.714

 Presence of tooth decay or filling in mouth, %**

46.2

41.2

0.748

 Studied tooth samples, incisors, %**

88.5

70.6

0.230

 Hemograms

   

 Hemoglobin, g/dL*

12.8 ± 1.0

12.6 ± 0.8

0.661

 Mean corpuscular volume, %*

80.5 ± 5.5

79.7 ± 7.1

0.666

 Red cell distribution width, %*

13.7 ± 0.8

14.2 ± 1.2

0.150

 White blood cell*, mm3

8.3 ± 2.6

8.4 ± 1.7

0.975

 Platelets*, mm3

304.5 ± 75.6

306.6 ± 86.7

0.933

Parental characteristics

   

 Maternal age at the birth of index child, years*

26.9 ± 6.6

28.3 ± 5.3

0.460

 Paternal age at the birth of index child, years*

30.9 ± 5.6

32.9 ± 4.9

0.229

 Maternal education > 8 years**

65.4

64.7

0.964

 Paternal education > 8 years**

75.0

68.8

0.728

 Maternal occupation, presence**

61.5

41.2

0.191

 Parental smoking**

  

0.008

 None

42.3

11.8a

 

 Only one parent

42.3

29.4a

 

 Both of them

15.4

58.8b

 
  1. *Mean ± SD; compared with independent t-test
  2. **Data were compared with the Chi-square test and Fischer-exact test when appropriate
  3. abValues having different letter were found to be statistically different, p < 0.05