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Table 2 Concentration of elements within the tooth according to groups, in the asthma group and the control group

From: Evaluation of blood and tooth element status in asthma cases: a preliminary case–control study

 

Univariate

GLMa

Unit

Control

Asthma

p

Control

Asthma

p

n = 26

n = 17

n = 26

n = 17

Mg

mg/g*

6.41 ± 1.22

5.51 ± 1.35

0.030

6.44 [5.91–6.96]

5.46 [4.79–6.14]

0.042

P

mg/g*

139 ± 20

132 ± 26

0.378

139 [130–149]

131 [119–143]

0.332

Mg/P

% ratio*

4.66 ± 0.94

4.30 ± 1.19

0.283

4.67 [4.24–5.10]

4.29 [3.73–4.85]

0.336

Ca

mg/g*

244 ± 44

229 ± 56

0.353

249 [229–269]

222 [196–247]

0.140

Cr

µg/g**

0.08 (0.04; 0.18)

0.07 (0.05; 0.17)

0.842

0.13 [0.09–0.18]

0.11 [0.07–0.17]

0.585

Mn

µg/g**

1.15 (0.77; 1.72)

1.09 (0.47; 1.54)

0.441

1.29 [1.01–1.64]

1.04 [0.76–1.41]

0.305

Fe

µg/g**

5.56 (3.88; 9.43)

6.53 (2.99; 8.64)

0.785

8.26 [6.16–11.07]

6.84 [4.69–10.00]

0.478

Zn

µg/g*

120 ± 27

111 ± 23

0.244

120 [110–130]

111 [98–124]

0.303

Cu

µg/g**

0.22 (0.12; 0.45)

0.30 (0.16; 0.76)

0.345

0.48 [0.32–0.74]

0.53 [0.31–0.92]

0.796

Zn/Cu

Ratio**

553 (229; 1023)

364 (148; 714)

0.285

786 [533–1160]

413 [247–690]

0.084

Sr

µg/g**

61 (50;104)

73 (50; 82)

0.901

82 [66–103]

91 [68–122]

0.613

Mo

µg/g**

0.02 (0.02; 0.04)

0.02 (0.01; 0.05)

0.901

0.04 [0.02–0.05]

0.05 [0.03–0.09]

0.397

Cd

≥ DL***

69.2%

88.2%

0.149

   

Pb

µg/g**

0.59 (0.50; 0.76)

0.67 (0.45; 0.91)

0.619

0.70 [0.59–0.83]

0.68 [0.55–0.85]

0.889

Hg

≥ DL***

46.2%

29.4%

0.272

   
  1. *Mean ± SD; compared with independent t-test
  2. **Median (25; 75p); compared with Mann–Whitney U test
  3. ***%; compared with the Chi-square test and Fischer-exact test when appropriate
  4. aEstimated marginal mean [95% Confidence Interval]; adjusted for child’s BAZ, history of iron deficiency anemia, and status of parental smoking