Cerebral arterial air embolism after endobronchial electrocautery: a case report and review of the literature

BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Table 1 The profile of patients who developed CAAE after thermal ablation for endobronchial tumour

Reference number	[5]	[6]	[7]	[8]
Author and year	Osseiran et al	Mimy et al	Yasmeen et al	Kanchustambham et al	This case
	2008	2011	2012	2017
Patient characteristic
Age	64	48	88	68	56
Sex	Male	Male	Female	Male	Male
Bronchoscopy
Procedure	APC	Thermocoagulation	APC	APC	Electrocautery
Location	RML	LUL	RUL	Bronchus intermedius	RUL
Positioning	N/A	N/A	Semi-recumbent	Semi-recumbent	Supine
Bleeding	N/A	> 200 mL	100 mL	Middle	Little
Sedation	Midazolam	N/A	N/A	Fentanyl, Midazolam	(-)
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of CAAE
Air bubbles in the CT images	(+)	(+)	(+)	(-)	(+)
Echocardiography shows air	N/A	(–)	N/A	(–)	N/A
Oxygen delivery	Intubation	Intubation, HBO2	Intubation	NBO₂, HBO₂	HBO₂
Seizure	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)	(+)
Outcome	Dead	Dead	Dead	Almost improved	Almost improved

APC argon plasma coagulation, RML right middle lobe, LUL left upper lobe, RUL right upper lobe, N/A not available, HBO_2, hyperbaric oxygen, NBO₂ normobaric oxygen

ISSN: 1471-2466