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Table 4 The prevalence and OR for COPD by smoking status in the middle-aged (40–64 years) and older (65 and more) Korean adults

From: Association between dual use of e-cigarette and cigarette and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an analysis of a nationwide representative sample from 2013 to 2018

 

Prevalence (%, 95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Prevalence (%, 95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

P-value

 

Aged 40–64 (n = 9896)

Aged 65 and more (n = 3023)

Total

7.8 (7.2–8.5)

  

13.1 (11.8–14.7)

  

Non-users

5.6 (5.0–6.3)

1

 

7.4 (6.0–9.1)

1

 

Former smokers

8.3 (7.1–9.8)

1.49 (1.11–2.00)

0.008

17.0 (14.5–19.7)

2.12 (1.38–3.25)

0.030

Current smokers

11.5 (9.9–13.3)

1.97 (1.50–2.60)

 < 0.001

24.4 (19.5–30.2)

3.27 (1.99–5.39)

 < 0.001

Dual users

12.9 (7.9–20.3)

2.45 (1.35–4.46)

0.003

28.0 (10.2–57.1)

4.14 (1.11–15.39)

0.030

Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001*

 

 < 0.001

 < 0.001*

 

Men

9.2 (8.3–10.2)

  

17.2 (15.2–19.4)

  

Non-users

4.6 (3.2–6.5)

1

 

10.2 (6.7–15.2)

1

 

Former smokers

8.3 (7.0–9.9)

1.82 (1.19–2.79)

0.006

17.0 (14.5–19.8)

1.93 (1.21–3.09)

0.008

Current smokers

11.9 (10.2–13.8)

2.55 (1.70–3.85)

 < 0.001

24.0 (18.9–30.0)

2.94 (1.68–5.15)

 < 0.001

Dual users

13.2 (8.0–21.0)

3.10 (1.55–6.21)

0.001

28.0 (10.2–57.1)

3.70 (0.96–14.23)

0.050

Ptrend

 < 0.001

 < 0.001*

 

 < 0.001

 < 0.001*

 

Women

6.1 (5.4–6.9)

  

7.5 (6.0–9.3)

  

Non-users

5.9 (5.2–6.7)

1

 

6.6 (5.2–8.5)

1

 

Former smokers

8.6 (4.9–14.7)

1.50 (0.78–2.73)

0.236

16.0 (7.9–29.8)

2.35 (0.99–5.58)

0.002

Current smokers

8.2 (5.2–12.7)

1.13 (0.66–1.95)

0.649

29.0 (13.8–50.9)

4.74 (1.76–12.73)

0.051

Dual users

7.2 (0.9–39.2)

0.94 (0.12–7.13)

0.948

–

–

–

Ptrend

 < 0.001

0.444*

 

 < 0.001

0.001*

 
  1. Considering that the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a multi-stage clustered probability design, weighted percentages and 95% CIs were presented
  2. Odds ratios and 95% CIs were calculated after adjustment for age, sex, residence, education, household income, alcohol consumption, and body mass index
  3. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval
  4. *P-value for trend was calculated using complex sample logistic regression analysis considering smoking status as a continuous variable