Table 3 Characteristics of patients stratified by p/F during hospitalization
From: Residual respiratory impairment after COVID-19 pneumonia
N available observations | p/F ≥ 300 (N = 28) | p/F < 300 ≥ 200 (n = 27) | p/F < 200 (n = 21) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 76 | 52.3 (14.0) | 59.2 (12.2) | 63.1 (11.9) | 0.014 |
Sex | 76 | 0.618 | |||
Male | 19 (68) | 17 (63) | 16 (76) | ||
Female | 9 (32) | 10 (37) | 5 (24) | ||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 75 | 25.7 (5.1) | 27.3 (3.9) | 28.0 (4.3) | 0.181 |
p/F worst | 76 | 349.0 (55.8)* | 276.0 (54.0)* | 135.0 (92.5)* | < 0.001 |
Hospitalization time (days) | 76 | 9.5 (6.0)* | 13.0 (9.0)* | 23.0 (14.0)* | < 0.001 |
ICU admission | 76 | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 13 (62) | < 0.001 |
Smoking history | 75 | 0.595 | |||
Never smoker | 10 (36) | 9 (33) | 10 (50) | ||
Smoker | 1 (3) | 2 (8) | 0 (0) | ||
Former smoker | 17 (61) | 16 (59) | 10 (50) | ||
Pulmonary disease history | |||||
COPD | 76 | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | 0.155 |
Asthma | 76 | 6 (21) | 1 (4) | 0 (0) | 0.017 |
Chest CT performed | 76 | 15 (54) | 17 (63) | 13 (62) | 0.745 |
Radiology (chest XR or CT) | 76 | 0.001 | |||
Unilateral involvement | 11 (39) | 3 (11) | 0 (0) | ||
Bilateral involvement | 17 (61) | 24 (89) | 21 (100) | ||
Antiviral therapy | |||||
Lopinavir/Ritonavir | 75 | 12 (43) | 9 (35) | 13 (62) | 0.165 |
Darunavir/Ritonavir | 76 | 14 (50) | 19 (70) | 13 (62) | 0.300 |
Anti IL-6 | 76 | 2 (7) | 10 (37) | 17 (81) | < 0.001 |
Enoxaparin | 76 | 8 (29) | 11 (41) | 20 (95) | < 0.001 |
Azithromycin | 75 | 12 (43) | 13 (50) | 12 (57) | 0.611 |
Hydroxychloroquine | 76 | 27 (96) | 25 (93) | 21 (100) | 0.422 |
Corticosteroids | 74 | 0 (0) | 3 (11) | 2 (11) | 0.195 |
Respiratory support | |||||
Ventimask | 76 | 8 (28) | 25 (93) | 21 (100) | < 0.001 |
HFNC | 75 | 0 (0) | 1 (4) | 8 (38) | < 0.001 |
NIV or CPAP | 75 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (52) | < 0.001 |
Orotracheal Intubation | 68 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 5 (25) | 0.002 |
FVC§ | 73 | ||||
Litres | 4.23 (0.18) | 3.77 (0.18) | 3.68 (0.21) | 0.099 | |
% predicted | 119.6 (3.3) | 104.5 (3.4) | 92.0 (3.9)° | 0.005 | |
FEV1§ | 73 | ||||
Litres | 3.36 (0.14) | 3.00 (0.14) | 2.98 (0.16) | 0.110 | |
% predicted | 107.8 (3.0) | 103.0 (3.1) | 92.6 (3.6)° | 0.009 | |
FEV1/FVC§ | 73 | ||||
% | 80.0 (1.0) | 79.3 (1.0) | 81.1 (1.2) | 0.536 | |
TLC§ | 72 | ||||
Litres | 5.95 (0.23) | 5.53 (0.24) | 5.31 (0.26) | 0.191 | |
% predicted | 92.6 (2.7) | 90.7 (2.8) | 80.4 (3.1)° # | 0.012 | |
DLCO§ | 73 | ||||
Litres | 23.23 (0.97) | 21.05 (1.00) | 18.69 (1.15)° | 0.017 | |
% predicted | 82.7 (2.7) | 80.6 (2.8) | 64.9 (3.2)° # | < 0.001 | |
RV§ | 72 | ||||
Litres | 1.58 (0.48)* | 1.58 (0.44)* | 1.48 (0.71)* | 0.362 | |
% predicted | 77.6 (3.6) | 73.8 (3.8) | 70.8 (4.2) | 0.498 | |
ABG§ | 74 | ||||
pO2 (mmHg) | 93.3 (1.6) | 92.7 (1.5) | 87.8 (1.8) | 0.053 | |
pCO2 (mmHg) | 39.2 (0.6) | 38.3 (0.6) | 38.9 (0.7) | 0.467 | |
pH | 7.41 (0.03)* | 7.41 (0.04)* | 7.42 (0.03)* | 0.995 | |
d(A-a) (mmHg) | 10.1 (1.4) | 12.3 (1.3) | 16.6 (1.6)° | 0.011 | |
6MWT§ | 72 | ||||
SpO2 basal | 98.0 (1.0)* | 97.0 (2.0)* | 97.0 (2.0)* | 0.121 | |
SpO2 nadir | 96.5 (3.0)* | 95.0 (3.0)* | 94.0 (4.0)*° | 0.005 | |
Meters | 560 (130)* | 500 (95)*° | 480 (140)*° | 0.004 | |
Dyspnoea VAS (mm)§ | |||||
Before | 75 | 3.5 (2.1) | 6.1 (2.1) | 1.5 (2.5) | 0.359 |
During | 75 | 44.1 (5.4) | 45.1 (5.5) | 60.0 (6.4) | 0.128 |
Follow-up | 75 | 14.1 (3.5) | 22.5 (3.6) | 25.9 (4.1) | 0.077 |
Cough VAS (mm)§ | |||||
Before | 75 | 0.4 (1.3) | 4.8 (1.4) | 1.1 (1.6) | 0.055 |
During | 75 | 37.0 (5.8) | 35.1 (5.9) | 31.5 (6.9) | 0.830 |
Follow-up | 75 | 2.9 (2.3) | 8.8 (2.3) | 7.7 (2.7) | 0.171 |