Table 1 Rheological parameters of the sputum using a sputum: additive ratio of 10:4
Untreated | Water | bicarbonate | NaCl | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | p value | Mean (SD) | p value | Mean (SD) | p value | |
For all samples | |||||||
G′ (at 1 rad/s) | 82,037 (± 84,967) | 64,556 (± 64,832) | 0.0161 | 41,073 (± 45,478) | 0.0009 | 24,741 (± 35,553) | 0.0110 |
G″ (at 1 rad/s) | 20,926 (± 20,403) | 16,557 (± 16,337) | 0.0597 | 10,854 (± 11,264) | 0.0029 | 6480 (± 8756) | 0.0312 |
tanδ (at 1 rad/s) | 0.2647 (± 0.0426) | 0.2665 (± 0.0596) | 0.6548 | 0.3163 (± 0.1631) | 0.0049 | 0.3051 (± 0.0999) | 0.5052 |
G′ (at 10 rad/s) | 101,422 (± 109,431) | 80,410 (± 83,619) | 0.0122 | 49,784 (± 54,697) | 0.0013 | 47,712 (± 45,942) | 0.0223 |
G″ (at 10 rad/s) | 23,882 (± 25,490) | 18,108 (± 18,133) | 0.0467 | 11,963 (± 12,200) | 0.0051 | 12,135 (± 10,962) | 0.0799 |
tanδ (at 10 rad/s) | 0.2391 (± 0.0479) | 0.2575 (± 0.0817) | 0.7346 | 0.3172 (0.1754) | 0.0015 | 0.2823 (± 0.0504) | 0.4369 |
n = 16 | n = 16 | n = 14 | n = 9 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For highly elastic sample (G′ > 100 000 Pa) | |||||||
G′ (at 1 rad/s) | 161,725 (± 95,700) | 49,150 (± 47,894) | < 0.0001 | 28,770 (± 34,739) | < 0.0001 | 35,445 (± 33,747) | < 0.0001 |
G″ (at 1 rad/s) | 39,393 (± 27,405) | 12,338 (± 12,035) | < 0.0001 | 6823 (± 7914) | < 0.0001 | 8614 (± 7765) | < 0.0001 |
tanδ (at 1 rad/s) | 0.2393 (± 0.0351) | 0.2580 (± 0.0727) | 0.9311 | 0.3104 (± 0.1853) | 0.1883 | 0.2875 (± 0.0841) | 0.5394 |
G′ (at 10 rad/s) | 204,250 (± 123,409) | 60,679 (± 61,262) | < 0.0001 | 35,913 (± 43,801) | < 0.0001 | 46,762 (± 42,154) | < 0.0001 |
G″ (at 10 rad/s) | 46,568 (± 35,515) | 13,706 (± 13,323) | 0.0002 | 8099 (± 9650) | < 0.0001 | 10,937 (± 9471) | 0.0002 |
tanδ (at 10 rad/s) | 0.2192 (± 0.0312) | 0.2431 (± 0.0895) | 0.8880 | 0.3259 (± 0.2016) | 0.0367 | 0.2665 (± 0.0522) | 0.5963 |
n = 34 | n = 34 | n = 28 | n = 22 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For elastic sample (100 000 Pa > G′ > 1000 Pa) | |||||||
G′ (at 1 rad/s) | 33,999 (± 23,742) | 18,133 (± 21,186) | 0.0395 | 17,151 (± 23,067) | 0.0398 | 27,299 (± 38,056) | 0.6779 |
G″ (at 1 rad/s) | 8435 (± 5620) | 4919 (± 5606) | 0.0943 | 4664 (± 6284) | 0.0902 | 7122 (± 10,032) | 0.8262 |
tanδ (at 1 rad/s) | 0.2549 (± 0.0355) | 0.2936 (± 0.0536) | 0.1204 | 0.3377 (± 0.1364) | 0.0003 | 0.2949 (0.0671) | 0.1623 |
G′ (at 10 rad/s) | 40,702 (± 28,571) | 21,513 (± 25,010) | 0.0486 | 20,935 (± 27,391) | 0.0583 | 35,549 (± 50,749) | 0.8957 |
G″ (at 10 rad/s) | 9585 (± 6505) | 5303 (± 5905) | 0.0783 | 5298 (± 6824) | 0.1046 | 8913 (± 12,723) | 0.9811 |
tanδ (at 10 rad/s) | 0.2421 (± 0.0379) | 0.2683 (0.0630) | 0.7026 | 0.3427 (± 0.2224) | 0.0040 | 0.2962 (± 0.0835) | 0.2315 |
n = 14 | n = 14 | n = 12 | n = 6 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For viscoelastic sample (1000 Pa > G′) | |||||||
G′ (at 1 rad/s) | 272.3 (± 416.7) | 368.7 (± 864.8) | 0.9746 | 168.7 (± 268.6) | 0.9660 | 729.7 (± 1031.5) | 0.3555 |
G″ (at 1 rad/s) | 117.2 (± 200.1) | 129.4 (± 320.2) | 0.4434 | 60.7 (± 109.5) | 0.9831 | 183.6 (± 260.8) | 0.9834 |
tanδ (at 1 rad/s) | 0.3885 (± 0.0906) | 0.3550 (± 0.1660) | 0.9032 | 0.3815 (± 0.0986) | 0.9988 | 0.3333 (± 0.2049) | 0.7357 |
G′ (at 10 rad/s) | 198.2 (± 246.7) | 415.7 (± 965.8) | 0.8411 | 217.2 (± 349.0) | 0.9999 | 852.7 (± 1338.6) | 0.1843 |
G″ (at 10 rad/s) | 74.2 (± 100.8) | 149.9 (± 366.57) | 0.8290 | 74.2 (± 136.1) | > 0.9999 | 226.9 (± 377.3) | 0.4675 |
tanδ (at 10 rad/s) | 0.3446 (± 0.1088) | 0.3545 (± 0.2431) | 0.9991 | 0.3662 (± 0.2928) | 0.9907 | 0.3766 (± 0.1579) | 0.9818 |