Fig. 6From: Massive haemorrhagic complications of ruptured pulmonary arteriovenous malformations: outcomes from a 12 years’ retrospective studyA clinical pathway is applied based upon the results of a patient assessment. Ruptured PAVMs usually presents as either massive haemoptysis or respiratory distress and chest pain. Patients with these clinical symptoms would be treated following the clinical pathway to detect the possibility of ruptured PAVMs. The clinical pathway we developed for our hospital has not been prospectively validated in other institutions. ER Emergency Room, CTA computed tomography angiography, PAVM Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, ECG Electrocardiograph, PE Physical examination, BAG Bronchial arteriography, PTE Pulmonary thromboembolismBack to article page