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Table 1 Cases of interstitial lung disease associated acute respiratory failure

From: Cyclophosphamide for interstitial lung disease-associated acute respiratory failure: mortality, clinical response and radiological characteristics

Case

Sex (f/m)

Age (years)

Smoking (Y\N)

Comorbidity/history

Diagnosis

CT findings

Pathology

BAL

Antibiotics

Therapy (cd)

In-hospital outcome, cause of death

1

F

62

Y

Dermato-myositis PMH: Breast cancer

Anti-MDA5 dermato-myositis

OP with architectural distortion

N/A

ng

Augmentin, ceftazidimea

MPSb 1 g

CYCc 600 mg/m2

Death, progressive respiratory failure

2

M

60

N

UCTD

AF, DM, OSAS

UCTD-ILD

OP with architectural distortion

N/A

ng

SDD

MPS 3 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Survival

3

F

60

N

AVNRT

Medium-size-artery vasculitis

Diffuse GGO and consolidation

Vasculitis

DAH

ng

SDD

MPS 6 g

CYC 750 mg/m2 IVIG

Survival

4

M

41

N

GPA

GPA

Diffuse GGO

Eosinophilic necrotizing granulomatous inflammation

ng

SDD

MPS 3 g

Continuous oral CYC 2 mg/kg

Plasmapheresis

Survival

5

F

40

N

Neuro-fibromatosis type 1

RA

ANCA-negative small vessel vasculitis

Diffuse GGO

Vasculitis DAH

ng

SDD

MPS 12 g

CYC 750 mg/m2

IVIG

Plasmapheresis

Death

MOF

6

M

61

N

None

Methotrexate-induced lung injury

Fibrotic NSIP

N/A

ng

SDD moxifloxacina

MPS 3 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Survival

7

M

55

Y

Alcoholism, coronary heart disease

AIP

Diffuse GGO with architectural distorsion

N/A

ng

Augmentin

Doxycyclinea

MPS 3 g

CYC 500 mg/m2

ECLA

Death

Progressive respiratory failure

8

M

44

Y

SLE

SLE-related ILD

NSIP

N/A

CMV

Ganciclovir

SDD

MPS 3 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Plasmapheresis

Survival

9

M

72

Y

Poliomyelitis

PMH: esophageal carcinoma

AIP

Diffuse GGO with architectural distorsion

N/A

ng

Oseltamivir

Ceftriaxone

Erythromycinea

MPS 3 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Survival

10

M

52

N

MCTD

PMH: NHL

MCTD-ILD

NSIP

NA

S.aureus

SDD

flucloxacillin

MPS 3 g

CYC 500 mg/m2

Survival

11

F

38

N

SLE

SLE

Diffuse GGO

N/A

ng

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycina

MPS 3 g

Plasmapheresis

CYC 750 mg/m2

Survival

12

F

68

Y

PMH: breast cancer and esophageal carcinoma

Unclassified ILD

Unclassified ILD with signs of fibrosis

Fibrosis with organization

ng

SDD

MPS 6 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Death

Progressive

respiratory failure

13

M

71

Y

AF, HPT, RA

AIP

Diffuse GGO, with architectural distorsion

DAD

ng

Ceftriaxone

Ciprofloxacina

MPS 3 g

CYC 750 mg/m2

Survival

14

M

54

Y

DM

PMH: Hodgkin lymphoma

EAA

Diffuse GGO

N/A

ng

SDD

MPS 3 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Death

Blocked tracheostomy

Progressive respiratory failure

15

M

56

Y

DM, HPT, COPD

Unclassified ILD

Unclassified ILD with signs of fibrosis

DAD

ng

Augmentin

Ciprofloxacina

MPS 3 g

CYC 600 mg/m2

Death

  1. AF, atrial fibrillation; AIP, acute interstitial pneumonia; ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; AVNRT, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; cd, cumulative dose; CT, computed tomography; CYC, cyclophosphamide; DAD, diffuse alveolar damage; DAH, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; DM, diabetes mellitus; EAA, extrinsic allergic alveolitis; ECLA, extra corporeal lung assist; GGO, ground glass opacity; GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; HPT, hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; ILD, interstitial lung disease; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; LOS, length of stay; MCTD, mixed connective tissue disease; MOF, multiple organ failure; MPS, methylprednisolone; N/A, not applicable; ng, no growth; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; NSIP, non-specific interstitial pneumonia; OP, organizing pneumonia; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome; PMH, past medical history; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SDD, selective digestive decontamination; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; UCTD-ILD, undifferentiated connective tissue disease associated interstitial lung disease
  2. aEmpirical antibiotic therapy
  3. bMPS 1000 mg/day for 3 days
  4. cCyclophosphamide single dose