Fig. 1

Emodin inhibited cell viability and promoted apoptosis in human PASMCs under hypoxia. a CCK-8 assay was performed to determine PASMC’s viability after the cells with emodin at different concentrations (0, 10, 40 and 160 µM) for 24 h. b, c Typical western blotting and quantitative analysis of Ki-67, PNCA, Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in PASMCs. d Assays of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and Apoptosis Detection Kit with Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos and Annexin V-FITC was performed to determine cellular apoptosis; scale bar = 100 μm. N = 3. Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test, *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 versus normoxia but 0 µM emodin group; ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 versus hypoxia but 0 µM emodin group