Table 2 Baseline characteristics (Study 1; Conventional PH and borderline PH group, including post-capillary PH)
Total | Conventional | Borderline | Non-PH | p-value | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | n | n | |||||||||||
Age | 531 | 56.7 | ± | 15.2 | 50 | 56.2 | ± | 15.8 | 102 | 57.8 | ± | 16.1 | 0.7591 |
Sex(F/M) | 531 | 373 | / | 158 | 50 | 29 | / | 21 | 102 | 70 | / | 32 | 0.2152 |
mPAP(mmHg) | 531 | 42.9 | ± | 11.8 | 50 | 22.6 | ± | 1.2 | 102 | 16.2 | ± | 3.2 | < 0.0001 |
PVR (WU) | 531 | 8.7 | ± | 4.7 | 50 | 3.0 | ± | 1.3 | 102 | 2.2 | ± | 0.9 | < 0.0001 |
PAWP(mmHg) | 531 | 8.1 | ± | 3.8 | 50 | 8.0 | ± | 3.9 | 102 | 5.9 | ± | 3.0 | < 0.0001 |
CO(L/min) | 531 | 4.5 | ± | 1.5 | 50 | 5.4 | ± | 1.8 | 102 | 5.1 | ± | 1.4 | < 0.0001 |
6MWD(m) | 413 | 362.0 | ± | 105.3 | 32 | 410.4 | ± | 105.5 | 51 | 429.0 | ± | 112.6 | < 0.0001 |
%VC | 482 | 85.4 | ± | 21.5 | 39 | 88.6 | ± | 26.0 | 86 | 88.9 | ± | 24.3 | 0.3056 |
FEV1.0% | 182 | 75.5 | ± | 11.4 | 39 | 77.6 | ± | 18.5 | 86 | 78.0 | ± | 15.0 | 0.176 |
%DLCO/VA | 455 | 76.5 | ± | 27.4 | 38 | 74.1 | ± | 25.2 | 79 | 85.1 | ± | 31.1 | 0.0297 |
PaO2(mmHg) | 517 | 65.3 | ± | 22.1 | 50 | 74.3 | ± | 13.0 | 99 | 82.5 | ± | 17.6 | < 0.0001 |
PaCO2(mmHg) | 517 | 38.5 | ± | 6.4 | 50 | 40.6 | ± | 7.2 | 99 | 40.2 | ± | 5.3 | 0.0051 |
PVO2(mmHg) | 515 | 34.7 | ± | 4.9 | 50 | 38.1 | ± | 4.8 | 99 | 40.2 | ± | 7.9 | < 0.0001 |
O2 administration( +) | 75(14.1%) | 3(6.0%) | 8(7.8%) | 0.0536 | |||||||||
AaDo2(mmHg) | 516 | 39.0 | ± | 25.0 | 50 | 17.6 | ± | 11.1 | 99 | 19.6 | ± | 16.5 | < 0.0001 |
WHO-FC (I/II/III/IV) | (6/259/255/11) | (0/37/13/0) | (16/62/23/1) | < 0.0001 | |||||||||
Vasodilators( ±) | 531 | 316 | / | 215 | 50 | 8 | / | 42 | 102 | 2 | / | 100 | < 0.0001 |
Group 1 | |||||||||||||
Age | 127 | 48.6 | ± | 18.1 | 8 | 49.5 | ± | 6.2 | 21 | 58.7 | ± | 3.9 | 0.0546 |
Sex(F/M) | 127 | 103 | / | 24 | 8 | 5 | / | 3 | 21 | 20 | / | 1 | 0.0346 |
mPAP(mmHg) | 127 | 44.3 | ± | 12.1 | 8 | 22.8 | ± | 1.3 | 21 | 16.6 | ± | 2.8 | < 0.0001 |
PVR (WU) | 127 | 8.7 | ± | 4.8 | 8 | 3.0 | ± | 1.3 | 21 | 2.2 | ± | 1.1 | < 0.0001 |
PAWP(mmHg) | 127 | 7.5 | ± | 4.5 | 8 | 7.5 | ± | 4.5 | 21 | 5.8 | ± | 3.1 | 0.0337 |
CO(L/min) | 127 | 4.8 | ± | 1.7 | 8 | 6.1 | ± | 3.1 | 21 | 5.3 | ± | 1.5 | 0.1076 |
6MWD(m) | 97 | 398.5 | ± | 108.6 | 6 | 434.2 | ± | 61.6 | 14 | 455.2 | ± | 111.2 | 0.152 |
VC,% predicted | 115 | 85.2 | ± | 16.9 | 6 | 89.8 | ± | 9.8 | 19 | 86.1 | ± | 14.9 | 0.7914 |
FEV1.0,% predicted | 115 | 78.9 | ± | 9.8 | 6 | 79.2 | ± | 8.9 | 19 | 82.1 | ± | 10.1 | 0.432 |
DLCO/VA,% predicted | 111 | 74.7 | ± | 25.7 | 6 | 76.3 | ± | 16.5 | 18 | 81.2 | ± | 39.3 | 0.659 |
PaO2(mmHg) | 125 | 72.6 | ± | 18.9 | 8 | 75.9 | ± | 13.8 | 21 | 87.7 | ± | 15.8 | 0.0018 |
PaCO2(mmHg) | 125 | 36.6 | ± | 5.3 | 8 | 39.6 | ± | 1.2 | 21 | 40.7 | ± | 6.6 | 0.0037 |
PVO2(mmHg) | 123 | 37.7 | ± | 5.1 | 8 | 41.8 | ± | 8.2 | 21 | 42.3 | ± | 5.5 | 0.0005 |
O2 administration( +) | 18(14.2%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0.019 | |||||||||
AaDo2(mmHg) | 125 | 33.8 | ± | 19.3 | 8 | 27.1 | ± | 13.8 | 21 | 14.0 | ± | 12.4 | < 0.0001 |
WHO-FC (I/II/III/IV) | (3/83/40/1) | (0/7/1/0) | (1/18/2/0) | 0.2859 | |||||||||
Vasodilators( ±) | 127 | 95 | 94 | 33 | 8 | 4 | / | 4 | 21 | 1 | / | 20 | < 0.0001 |
Underlying diseases | (%) | (%) | (%) | ||||||||||
IPAH/HPAH/PVOD/PCH | 57 | 44.9 | - | - | - | - | |||||||
CTD | 39 | 30.7 | 4 | 50.0 | 8 | 38.1 | |||||||
Congenital | 19 | 15.0 | 2 | 25.0 | 3 | 14.3 | |||||||
Portal hypertension | 12 | 9.4 | 1 | 12.5 | 1 | 4.8 | |||||||
drug/HIV | 2 | 1.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||
unknown | – | – | 1 | 12.5 | 9 | 42.9 | |||||||
Group 3 | |||||||||||||
Age | 65 | 61.5 | ± | 13.4 | 15 | 59.7 | ± | 18.7 | 20 | 60.1 | ± | 13.8 | 0.8723 |
Sex(F/M) | 65 | 33 | / | 32 | 15 | 6 | / | 9 | 20 | 5 | / | 15 | 0.0321 |
mPAP(mmHg) | 65 | 35.7 | ± | 10.8 | 15 | 22.4 | ± | 1.4 | 20 | 16.0 | ± | 3.4 | < 0.0001 |
PVR (WU) | 65 | 7.0 | ± | 5.2 | 15 | 3.3 | ± | 1.2 | 20 | 2.5 | ± | 0.9 | < 0.0001 |
PAWP(mmHg) | 65 | 7.1 | ± | 3.7 | 15 | 7.1 | ± | 3.7 | 20 | 4.8 | ± | 2.6 | 0.0016 |
CO(L/min) | 65 | 4.7 | ± | 1.6 | 15 | 5.2 | ± | 1.8 | 20 | 47.0 | ± | 1.2 | 0.5076 |
6MWD(m) | 38 | 281.5 | ± | 87.2 | 10 | 310.2 | ± | 121.7 | 14 | 376.1 | ± | 99.4 | 0.01 |
VC,% predicted | 58 | 58.7 | ± | 24.0 | 13 | 68.3 | ± | 28.6 | 20 | 71.5 | ± | 26.6 | 0.1134 |
FEV1.0,% predicted | 58 | 73.2 | ± | 18.9 | 13 | 75.4 | ± | 30.9 | 20 | 69.9 | ± | 24.2 | 0.7678 |
DLCO/VA,% predicted | 47 | 43.3 | ± | 29.1 | 12 | 53.3 | ± | 27.4 | 17 | 69.3 | ± | 22.4 | 0.0052 |
PaO2(mmHg) | 59 | 66.1 | ± | 38.0 | 15 | 67.0 | ± | 14.6 | 19 | 81.3 | ± | 18.4 | 0.1991 |
PaCO2(mmHg) | 59 | 46.8 | ± | 10.5 | 15 | 45.6 | ± | 9.9 | 19 | 42.2 | ± | 5.8 | 0.1983 |
PVO2(mmHg) | 59 | 35.3 | ± | 4.4 | 15 | 35.5 | ± | 2.9 | 19 | 38.8 | ± | 5.4 | 0.0134 |
O2 administration( +) | 65 | 1(6.7%) | 18(27.7%) | 3(15.0%) | 0.1096 | ||||||||
AaDo2(mmHg) | 58 | 28.9 | ± | 47.3 | 15 | 29.0 | ± | 13.3 | 19 | 18.7 | ± | 17.7 | 0.5993 |
WHO-FC (I/II/III/IV) | (0/14/49/2) | (0/6/9/0) | (1/4/14/1) | 0.3784 | |||||||||
Vasodilators | 65 | 35 | / | 30 | 15 | 0 | / | 15 | 20 | 0 | / | 20 | < 0.0001 |
Underlying diseases | (%) | (%) | (%) | ||||||||||
IP | 38 | 58.5 | 7 | 46.7 | 8 | 40.0 | |||||||
COPD | 13 | 20.0 | 5 | 33.3 | 7 | 35.0 | |||||||
BE | 8 | 12.3 | 1 | 6.7 | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||
Others | 6 | 9.2 | 2 | 13.3 | 1 | 5.0 | |||||||
Group 4 | |||||||||||||
Age | 313 | 58.3 | ± | 13.1 | 26 | 55.5 | ± | 14.4 | 41 | 57.0 | ± | 17.4 | 0.5267 |
Sex(F/M) | 313 | 223 | / | 90 | 26 | 18 | / | 8 | 41 | 29 | / | 12 | 0.9757 |
mPAP (mmHg) | 313 | 44.3 | ± | 11.4 | 26 | 22.7 | ± | 1.2 | 41 | 16.5 | ± | 3.0 | < 0.0001 |
PVR (WU) | 313 | 9.4 | ± | 4.5 | 26 | 3.0 | ± | 1.3 | 41 | 2.2 | ± | 0.8 | < 0.0001 |
PAWP (mmHg) | 313 | 7.6 | ± | 3.2 | 26 | 8.3 | ± | 3.5 | 41 | 5.9 | ± | 2.7 | 0.0018 |
CO (L/min) | 313 | 4.3 | ± | 1.1 | 26 | 5.2 | ± | 1.3 | 41 | 5.0 | ± | 1.1 | < 0.0001 |
6MWD (m) | 264 | 359.4 | ± | 100.2 | 15 | 465.7 | ± | 54.8 | 15 | 451.5 | ± | 119.5 | < 0.0002 |
VC,% predicted | 290 | 91.8 | ± | 18.0 | 19 | 103.4 | ± | 17.1 | 31 | 101.3 | ± | 21.1 | 0.0012 |
FEV1.0,% predicted | 290 | 75.0 | ± | 9.4 | 19 | 79.0 | ± | 7.8 | 31 | 78.2 | ± | 9.1 | 0.0631 |
DLCO/VA,% predicted | 278 | 82.5 | ± | 23.8 | 19 | 85.2 | ± | 18.0 | 30 | 96.9 | ± | 19.2 | 0.0054 |
PaO2 (mmHg) | 308 | 60.9 | ± | 18.0 | 26 | 78.2 | ± | 10.3 | 40 | 78.5 | ± | 15.8 | < 0.0001 |
PaCO2 (mmHg) | 308 | 37.6 | ± | 4.4 | 26 | 38.5 | ± | 4.4 | 40 | 39.7 | ± | 4.7 | 0.0114 |
PVO2 (mmHg) | 308 | 33.3 | ± | 4.3 | 26 | 38.7 | ± | 3.4 | 40 | 39.2 | ± | 3.4 | < 0.0001 |
O2 administration(+) | 36(9.5%) | 2(7.7%) | 0(0.0%) | 0.0115 | |||||||||
AaDo2(mmHg) | 308 | 44.4 | ± | 18.9 | 26 | 26.1 | ± | 8.4 | 40 | 24.3 | ± | 14.8 | < 0.0001 |
WHO-FC (I/II/III/IV) | (3/147/156/7) | (0/24/2/0) | (8/30/3/0) | < 0.0001 | |||||||||
Vasodilators | 313 | 177 | / | 136 | 26 | 4 | / | 22 | 41 | 1 | / | 40 | < 0.0001 |
PEA | 313 | 158 | / | 155 | 26 | 2 | / | 24 | 41 | 1 | / | 40 | < 0.0001 |
BPA | 313 | 53 | / | 260 | 26 | 0 | / | 26 | 41 | 0 | / | 41 | < 0.0001 |
Underlying diseases | (%) | (%) | (%) | ||||||||||
PE | 289 | 92.3 | 22 | 84.6 | 35 | 85.4 | |||||||
Pulmonary stenosis | 22 | 7.0 | 4 | 15.4 | 5 | 12.2 | |||||||
Others | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 2.4 | |||||||