Table 1 Comparison of groups with and without pneumothorax evaluated by univariate analysis
Clinical characteristics | All patients studied | Pneumothorax | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
*N (%) or Median (lower–upper quartile) | Rangeδ | *Yes | *No | X2/Z | P Value† | |
No. of cases analyzed | 343 | 50 (14.6%) | 293 (85.4%) | |||
Demographic characteristic | ||||||
Age (years) | 62 (53–68) | 18–82 | 61 (55–65) | 62 (53–68) | − 0.558 | 0.577 |
Gender | 1.539 | 0.215 | ||||
Male | 206 (60.1%) | 34 (9.9%) | 172 (50.1%) | |||
Female | 137 (39.9%) | 16 (4.7%) | 121 (35.3%) | |||
Pack-years smoking | 0 (0–30) | 0–200 | 6 (0–30) | 0 (0–30) | − 0.752 | 0.452 |
Lesion characteristics | ||||||
Location of lesion | 8.071 | 0.004 | ||||
Upper | 200 (58.3%) | 20 (5.8%) | 180 (52.5%) | |||
Lower | 143 (41.7%) | 30 (8.8%) | 113 (32.9%) | |||
Lesion size (mm) | 2.442 | 0.118 | ||||
< 20 | 108 (31.49%) | 11 (3.2%) | 97 (28.3%) | |||
≥ 20 | 235 (68.51%) | 39 (11.4%) | 196 (57.1%) | |||
Adjacent pleura or chest wall invasion | 0.057 | 0.812 | ||||
Yes | 211 (61.5%) | 30 (8.8%) | 181 (52.8%) | |||
No | 132 (38.5%) | 20 (5.8%) | 112 (32.6%) | |||
Presence of emphysema | 29.744 | 4.929 × 10–8 | ||||
Yes | 39 (11.4%) | 17 (5.0%) | 22 (6.4%) | |||
No | 304 (88.6%) | 33 (9.6%) | 271 (79.0%) | |||
Technique characteristics | ||||||
Patient position | 1.619 | 0.445 | ||||
Supine | 104 (30.3%) | 13 (3.8%) | 91 (26.5%) | |||
Prone | 192 (56.0%) | 32 (9.3%) | 160 (46.7%) | |||
Lateral decubitus | 47 (13.7%) | 5 (1.5%) | 42 (12.2%) | |||
Needle puncture site | 1.559 | 0.816 | ||||
Anterior | 42 (12.2%) | 7 (2.0%) | 35 (10.2%) | |||
Anterolateral | 54 (15.8%) | 6 (1.7%) | 48 (14.0%) | |||
Lateral | 37 (10.8%) | 5 (1.5%) | 32 (9.3%) | |||
Posterior | 165 (48.1%) | 27 (7.9%) | 138 (40.2%) | |||
Posterolateral | 45 (13.1%) | 5 (1.5%) | 40 (11.7%) | |||
Length of intrapulmonary needle tract (mm) | 11.6 (0.0–19.9) | 0–70.3 | 11.0 (0.0–21.8) | 11.6 (0.0–19.9) | − 0.405 | 0.685 |
Dwell time (s) | 200 (169–283) | 70–1200 | 240 (174–360) | 200 (168–271) | − 1.992 | 0.046 |
Needle-pleural angle (°) | 65 (48–80) | 0–90 | 69 (52–85) | 63 (48–80) | − 1.078 | 0.281 |
Needle redirections | 1.118 | 0.290 | ||||
Yes | 31 (9.0%) | 7 (2.0%) | 24 (7.0%) | |||
No | 312 (91.0%) | 43 (12.5%) | 269 (78.4%) | |||
No. of pleural punctures | 1 (1–1) | 1–2 | 1 (1–1) | 1 (1–1) | − 0.492 | 0.622 |
No. of cores | 2 (1–2) | 1–6 | 2 (2–3) | 2 (1–2) | − 1.014 | 0.311 |
Diagnostic characteristics | 1.476 | 0.671 | ||||
Malignant | 248 (72.3%) | 40 (11.7%) | 208 (60.6%) | |||
Benign | 80 (23.3%) | 9 (2.6%) | 71 (20.7%) | |||
Borderline | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 2 (0.6%) | |||
Non-diagnostic/inadequate | 13 (3.8%) | 1 (0.3%) | 12 (3.5%) | |||