Table 3 Characteristics of COPD patients in low and high comorbidity groups
Variables | Low cormobidity (n = 151) | High cormobidity (n = 62) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Male, n (%) | 138 (91.4) | 55 (88.7) | 0.542 |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 71.7 ± 8.6 | 75 ± 8.1 | 0.115 |
BMI (mean ± SD) | 23.9 ± 3.41 | 22.78 ± 5.41 | 0.026 |
Cigarette smoking, n (%) | 0.804 | ||
Current smoker | 58 (38.4) | 22 (35.5) | |
Ex-smoker | 80 (53.0) | 33 (53.2) | |
Never smoker | 13 (8.6) | 7 (11.3) | |
No. of comorbidities, median (IQR) | 1 (0–1) | 2 (2–3) | < 0.0001***a |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
Heart failure | 6 (4.0) | 11 (17.7) | < 0.001***a |
Coronary artery disease | 21 (13.9) | 33 (53.2) | < 0.001*** |
Pulmonary hypertension | 9 (6.0) | 19 (30.6) | < 0.001*** |
Lung cancer | 1 (0.7) | 2 (3.2) | 0.149 |
Anxiety/depression | 3 (2.0) | 6 (9.7) | 0.011* |
Osteoporosis | 5 (3.3) | 7 (11.3) | 0.022* |
Malnutrition (BMI < 20) | 15 (9.9) | 23 (37.1) | < 0.0001*** |
Diabetes mellitus | 12 (7.9) | 22 (35.5) | < 0.0001*** |
OSA | 1 (0.7) | 7 (11.3) | 0.0002** |
Anemia | 4 (2.6) | 22 (35.5) | < 0.0001*** |
Lung fibrosis | 6 (4.0) | 8 (12.9) | 0.017* |
Charlson comorbidity index score, median (IQR) | 4 (3–5) | 6 (5–7) | < 0.0001*** |
Hemogram values, median (IQR) | |||
Leukocyte count | 7500 (6300–9100) | 8300 (7175–11,000) | 0.0121* |
Neutrophil, % | 60 (52.9–68.2) | 70.6 (64.9–78.4) | < 0.0001*** |
Eosinophil, % | 2.5 (1.4–4.3) | 1.0 (0.5–3) | 0.0005*** |
Pulmonary function tests, median (IQR) | |||
Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC% | 58 (49.1–64.2) | 51.8 (42.6–59.8) | 0.011* |
Post bronchodilator FEV1% | 60.5 (43–74.4) | 51.8 (32.8–63.8) | 0.004** |
COPD subtypes, n (%) | 0.012* | ||
COLD I | 22 (14.6) | 7 (11.3) | |
GOLD II | 82 (54.3) | 25 (40.3) | |
GOLD III | 36 (23.8) | 16 (25.8) | |
GOLD IV | 11 (7.3) | 14 (22.6) | |
COPD subtypes, n (%) | 0.0038** | ||
Group A | 90 (59.6) | 22 (35.5) | |
Group B | 25 (16.6) | 14 (22.6) | |
Group C | 15 (9.9) | 6 (9.7) | |
Group D | 21 (13.9) | 20 (32.3) | |
Treatment, n (%) | |||
LABA + LAMA + ICS | 44 (29.1) | 22 (35.5) | 0.363 |
LABA + LAMA | 53 (35.1) | 23 (37.1) | 0.782 |
LABA + ICS | 14 (9.3) | 4 (6.4) | 0.502 |
LAMA + ICS | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 0.521 |
LAMA only | 24 (15.9) | 12 (19.4) | 0.540 |
LABA only | 11 (7.3) | 1 (1.6) | 0.103 |
No inhaler treatment | 4 (2.6) | 0 (0) | 0.196 |
ACO, n (%) | 16 (10.6) | 3 (4.8) | 0.181 |
Exacerbations per year, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–2) | 0.005** |