From: Paradoxical effects of cigarette smoke and COPD on SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease
 | N | NS | Smokers | COPD | P |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total participants (N) | 47 | 10 | 16 | 21 | Â |
Age | 47 | 56 ± 18*a | 67 ± 6 | 66 ± 9 | P < 0.01a |
Gender (M/F) | 47 | 7/3 | 7/9 | 12/9 | NS |
Smoking history (pack years) | 47 | 0 | 33 ± 15*** | 38 ± 21*** | P < 0.001 |
Smoking habit (current/former smoker) | 47 | 0 | 6/10 | 5/16 | NS |
Spirometry | 43 | 7 | 16 | 20 | Â |
FEV1 (% predicted) | 43 | 77 ± 16 | 88 ± 21 | 40 ± 24***^ | P < 0.001 |
FEV1/FVC | 43 | 82 ± 7 | 80 ± 9 | 41 ± 18***^ | P < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | 47 | 10 | 16 | 21 | Â |
Hypertension N (%) | 47 | 5 (50%) | 9 (56%) | 11 (52%) | NS |
Other cardiovascluar diseases N (%) | 47 | 1 (10%) | 5 (31%) | 5 (24%) | NS |
Diabetes mellitus N (%) | 47 | 2 (20%) | 2 (13%) | 4 (19%) | NS |
Medications | 45 | 8 | 16 | 21 | Â |
Inhaled corticosteroids N (%) | 45 | 0 | 4 (25%) | 10 (48%)§ | P < 0.05 |
LABA/SABA/LAMA N (%) | 45 | 0 | 6 (38%) § | 17 (81%)***# | P < 0.01 |
Oral corticosteroids N (%) | 45 | 1 (13%) | 0 | 3 (14%) | NS |
ACEi/ARB N (%) | 45 | 3 (38%) | 4 (44%) | 9 (43%) | NS |
Ca Antagonists/B-blockers N (%) | 45 | 2 (25%) | 6 (38%) | 6 (29%) | NS |
Diuretics N (%) | 45 | 2 (25%) | 5 (31%) | 2 (10%) | NS |