Opioids in patients with COPD and refractory dyspnea: literature review and design of a multicenter double blind study of low dosed morphine and fentanyl (MoreFoRCOPD)

Table 3 Outcome measurements

	Measurement	Frequency of measurement
Primary outcome measure
Change in mean dyspnea sensation	Numeric rating scale [26]	Once daily in patient diary
Secondary outcome measures
Change in worst dyspnea sensation	Numeric rating scale [26]	Once daily in patient diary
Change in Health-Related Quality of Life	CCQ [27]	Once daily in patient diary
	CRQ [28]	During each study visit
	CRQ-mastery domain	During each study visit
	HADS-A [29] Open en named side effects	During each study visit Once daily in patient diary and asked during study visits
Anxiety Side effects Change in hypercapnia, HCO₃ and pH Change in sleep quality Patient preference Continued opioid use	Capillary blood gas analysis Numeric rating scale [30] Asked during the final study visit Asked 3 months after the end of study	During each study visit Once daily in patient diary Once Once

CCQ clinical COPD questionnaire, CRQ chronic respiratory questionnaire, HADS-A hospital anxiety and depression scale—anxiety subscale

ISSN: 1471-2466