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Table 7 PM levels on the day before hospitalization associated with CRP, incidence of comorbidities, BMI, smoking status, and administration of drugs stratified by odds ratio and 95% confidence interval

From: Effect of urban air pollution on CRP and coagulation: a study on inpatients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Variables

CRR

Crude

Adjusted

p value

< 10 mg/L

≥ 10 mg/L

OR

95%CI

OR

95%CI

n = 191

n = 126

Age years

 < 65

65 (20.50%)

36 (11.36%)

1.29

(0.791,2.103)

–

–

–

 ≥ 65

126 (39.75%)

90 (28.39%)

     

Sex

 Female

38 (11.99%)

26 (8.20%)

1.05

(0.599,1.831)

–

–

–

 Male

153 (48.26%)

100 (31.55%)

     

BMI

 < 18.5 kg/m2

19 (5.99%)

12 (3.79%)

0.95

(0.445,2.039)

–

–

–

 ≥ 18.5 kg/m2

172 (54.26%)

114 (35.96%)

     

GOLD classes

 Moderate

20 (6.31%)

11 (3.47)

0.82

(0.378,1.771)

1.5

(1.002,2.236)

0.049

 Severe

126 (39.75)

70 (22.08%)

0.65

(0.406,1.023)

   

 Very severe

45 (14.20%)

45 (14.20%)

1.80

(1.099,2.955)

   

Current smoker

 Yes

18 (5.68%)

24 (7.57)

2.26

(1.171,4.368)

2.1

(1.109,4.361)

0.024

 No

173 (54.57%)

102 (32.18%)

     

Passive smoking

 Yes

65 (20.50%)

42 (13.25%)

0.97

(0.602,1.560)

–

–

–

 No

126 (39.75%)

84 (26.50%)

     

Use of statins

 Yes

38 (11.99%)

20 (6.31%)

0.76

(0.419,1.378)

–

–

–

 No

153 (48.26%)

106 (33.44%)

     

Inhaled corticosteroids

 Yes

163 (51.42%)

110 (34.70%)

0.77

(0.401,1.447)

–

–

–

 No

28 (8.83%)

16 (5.05%)

     

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

60 (18.93%)

56 (17.67%)

1.75

(1.096,2.783)

1.65

(1.019,2.683)

0.042

 Coronary heart disease

39 (12.30%)

40 (12.62%)

1.81

(1.084,3.032)

1.63

(0.952,2.774)

0.075

 Diabetes

27 (8.52%)

19 (5.99%)

1.08

(0.571,2.036)

–

–

–

 Asthma

12 (3.79%)

15 (4.73%)

2.02

(0.910,4.465)

–

–

–

 Bronchiectasis

3 (0.95%)

4 (1.26%)

2.06

(0.452,9.340)

–

–

–

PM2.5

 ≥ 25 ug/m3

126 (39.75%)

102 (32.18%)

2.19

(1.283,3.747)

1.91

(1.101,3.315)

0.021

 < 25 ug/m3

65 (20.50%)

24 (7.57%)

     

PM10

 ≥ 50 ug/m3

94 (29.65%)

81 (25.56%)

1.86

(1.170,2.948)

–

–

–

 < 50 ug/m3

97 (30.60%)

45 (14.20%)

     
  1. CRP, C-reactive protein; PM2.5, Particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in diameter; PM10, Particulate matter smaller than 10 µm in diameter; GOLD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease; BMI, Body Mass Index
  2. Variables found to be statistically significant in the multivariable unconditional logistic regression model. Adjusted for GOLD classes, current smoker, hypertension, coronary heart disease, PM2.5 and PM10
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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