Skip to main content

Table 3 Association between metformin use and the risk of TB development in 1:1 matched cohort

From: The cumulative dose-dependent effects of metformin on the development of tuberculosis in patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus

 

Tb development

Univariate

Adjusted*

n

N

%

HR

95% CI

p Value

HR

95% CI

p Value

Any Metformin (≥ 28d within 6mo)

 Non-user

40

12,916

0.31

Ref

  

Ref

  

 User

44

12,916

0.34

1.10

0.72–1.69

0.663

1.17

0.75–1.83

0.482

Age1)

 20–29

1

384

0.26

1

  

1

  

 30–39

6

1999

0.30

1.15

0.14–9.59

0.894

0.81

0.26–2.55

0.722

 40–49

11

5626

0.20

0.75

0.10–5.82

0.785

0.79

0.28–2.29

0.669

 50–59

23

761

0.31

1.20

0.16–8.90

0.857

1.46

0.53–4.06

0.466

 60–69

17

6142

0.28

1.06

0.14–8.00

0.952

1.77

0.64–4.92

0.271

 70–79

19

3413

0.56

2.14

0.29–16.01

0.458

2.22

0.80–6.18

0.126

 ≥ 80

8

907

0.88

3.40

0.43–27.21

0.248

2.47

0.86–7.09

0.093

Sex1)

 Male

57

14,755

0.39

1

  

1

  

 Female

27

11,077

0.24

0.63

0.40–1.00

0.048

0.77

0.59–1.00

0.053

Comorbidities3)

 Malignancy

11

1798

0.61

2.02

1.07–3.80

0.030

1.24

0.61–2.52

0.556

 HIV/AIDS & organ transplantation

1

37

2.70

8.60

1.20–61.77

0.032

9.36

1.16–75.72

0.036

 Malabsorption

0

51

0.00

0

0

0.978

0

0

0.987

 Chronic kidney disease

2

243

0.82

2.57

0.63–10.44

0.188

1.53

0.37–6.35

0.562

 Gastrectomy

0

20

0.00

0

0

0.983

0

0

0.995

Immunosuppresives3)

 Systemic corticosteroids

42

12,929

0.32

1.0

0.65–1.53

0.990

1.31

0.81–2.10

0.272

 Other immunosuppressants

4

938

0.43

1.33

0.49–3.62

0.580

0.7

0.25–2.00

0.508

Charlson comorbidity index3)

 0–1

26

9414

0.28

1

  

1

  

 2–3

32

11,208

0.29

1.03

0.62–1.74

0.900

1.48

1.03–2.12

0.032

 ≥ 4

26

5,210

0.50

1.81

1.05–3.12

0.033

1.60

1.07–2.39

0.023

Anti-diabetic treatment3)

 Insulin therapy

24

2,384

1.01

3.95

2.46–6.34

 < 0.001

1.69

0.97–2.94

0.06

 Sulfonylurea

48

13,924

0.34

1.14

0.74–1.76

0.552

1.19

0.75–1.87

0.46

 Other drugs

25

6,224

0.40

1.34

0.84–2.13

0.225

1.27

0.77–2.08

0.34

Healthcare utilization3)

 Hospitalization, days

  0

32

18,900

0.17

1

  

1

1

 

  1

26

3,713

0.70

4.15

2.47–6.96

 < 0.001

4.59

2.63–7.99

 < 0.001

  2–3

18

2,069

0.87

5.16

2.89–9.18

 < 0.001

5.51

2.85–10.67

 < 0.001

  ≥ 4

8

1,150

0.70

4.12

1.90–8.93

 < 0.001

3.18

1.34–7.56

0.001

 Outpatient visit, days

  < 15

41

6,142

0.67

1

  

1

1

 

  16–30

17

6,551

0.26

0.39

0.22–0.68

 < 0.001

0.33

0.18–0.58

 < 0.001

  31–50

10

6,290

0.16

0.24

0.12–0.47

 < 0.001

0.16

0.08–0.32

 < 0.001

  > 50

16

6,849

0.23

0.35

0.20–0.62

 < 0.001

0.17

0.09–0.32

 < 0.001

  1. *Adjusted for all variables in the table
  2. 1)Age at cohort entry date
  3. 2)Within 1-year prior to index date
  4. 3)Within follow-up period (During 2-year from index date or until TB development)