| Tb development | Univariate | Adjusted* | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | N | % | HR | 95% CI | p Value | HR | 95% CI | p Value | |
Any Metformin (≥ 28d within 6mo) | |||||||||
 Non-user | 40 | 12,916 | 0.31 | Ref |  |  | Ref |  |  |
 User | 44 | 12,916 | 0.34 | 1.10 | 0.72–1.69 | 0.663 | 1.17 | 0.75–1.83 | 0.482 |
Age1) | |||||||||
 20–29 | 1 | 384 | 0.26 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 30–39 | 6 | 1999 | 0.30 | 1.15 | 0.14–9.59 | 0.894 | 0.81 | 0.26–2.55 | 0.722 |
 40–49 | 11 | 5626 | 0.20 | 0.75 | 0.10–5.82 | 0.785 | 0.79 | 0.28–2.29 | 0.669 |
 50–59 | 23 | 761 | 0.31 | 1.20 | 0.16–8.90 | 0.857 | 1.46 | 0.53–4.06 | 0.466 |
 60–69 | 17 | 6142 | 0.28 | 1.06 | 0.14–8.00 | 0.952 | 1.77 | 0.64–4.92 | 0.271 |
 70–79 | 19 | 3413 | 0.56 | 2.14 | 0.29–16.01 | 0.458 | 2.22 | 0.80–6.18 | 0.126 |
 ≥ 80 | 8 | 907 | 0.88 | 3.40 | 0.43–27.21 | 0.248 | 2.47 | 0.86–7.09 | 0.093 |
Sex1) | |||||||||
 Male | 57 | 14,755 | 0.39 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 Female | 27 | 11,077 | 0.24 | 0.63 | 0.40–1.00 | 0.048 | 0.77 | 0.59–1.00 | 0.053 |
Comorbidities3) | |||||||||
 Malignancy | 11 | 1798 | 0.61 | 2.02 | 1.07–3.80 | 0.030 | 1.24 | 0.61–2.52 | 0.556 |
 HIV/AIDS & organ transplantation | 1 | 37 | 2.70 | 8.60 | 1.20–61.77 | 0.032 | 9.36 | 1.16–75.72 | 0.036 |
 Malabsorption | 0 | 51 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.978 | 0 | 0 | 0.987 |
 Chronic kidney disease | 2 | 243 | 0.82 | 2.57 | 0.63–10.44 | 0.188 | 1.53 | 0.37–6.35 | 0.562 |
 Gastrectomy | 0 | 20 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.983 | 0 | 0 | 0.995 |
Immunosuppresives3) | |||||||||
 Systemic corticosteroids | 42 | 12,929 | 0.32 | 1.0 | 0.65–1.53 | 0.990 | 1.31 | 0.81–2.10 | 0.272 |
 Other immunosuppressants | 4 | 938 | 0.43 | 1.33 | 0.49–3.62 | 0.580 | 0.7 | 0.25–2.00 | 0.508 |
Charlson comorbidity index3) | |||||||||
 0–1 | 26 | 9414 | 0.28 | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  |
 2–3 | 32 | 11,208 | 0.29 | 1.03 | 0.62–1.74 | 0.900 | 1.48 | 1.03–2.12 | 0.032 |
 ≥ 4 | 26 | 5,210 | 0.50 | 1.81 | 1.05–3.12 | 0.033 | 1.60 | 1.07–2.39 | 0.023 |
Anti-diabetic treatment3) | |||||||||
 Insulin therapy | 24 | 2,384 | 1.01 | 3.95 | 2.46–6.34 |  < 0.001 | 1.69 | 0.97–2.94 | 0.06 |
 Sulfonylurea | 48 | 13,924 | 0.34 | 1.14 | 0.74–1.76 | 0.552 | 1.19 | 0.75–1.87 | 0.46 |
 Other drugs | 25 | 6,224 | 0.40 | 1.34 | 0.84–2.13 | 0.225 | 1.27 | 0.77–2.08 | 0.34 |
Healthcare utilization3) | |||||||||
 Hospitalization, days | |||||||||
  0 | 32 | 18,900 | 0.17 | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |  |
  1 | 26 | 3,713 | 0.70 | 4.15 | 2.47–6.96 |  < 0.001 | 4.59 | 2.63–7.99 |  < 0.001 |
  2–3 | 18 | 2,069 | 0.87 | 5.16 | 2.89–9.18 |  < 0.001 | 5.51 | 2.85–10.67 |  < 0.001 |
  ≥ 4 | 8 | 1,150 | 0.70 | 4.12 | 1.90–8.93 |  < 0.001 | 3.18 | 1.34–7.56 | 0.001 |
 Outpatient visit, days | |||||||||
  < 15 | 41 | 6,142 | 0.67 | 1 |  |  | 1 | 1 |  |
  16–30 | 17 | 6,551 | 0.26 | 0.39 | 0.22–0.68 |  < 0.001 | 0.33 | 0.18–0.58 |  < 0.001 |
  31–50 | 10 | 6,290 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.12–0.47 |  < 0.001 | 0.16 | 0.08–0.32 |  < 0.001 |
  > 50 | 16 | 6,849 | 0.23 | 0.35 | 0.20–0.62 |  < 0.001 | 0.17 | 0.09–0.32 |  < 0.001 |