Table 2 The comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between the delirium and control groups
Variable | Delirium group n = 319 | Control group n = 6,490 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, year | 66.7 (17.3) | 66.0 (17.2) | 0.414 |
Sex, male | 232 (72.7) | 3948 (60.8) |  < 0.001 |
Having a job at admission for ARDS | 175 (54.9) | 3380 (52.1) | 0.332 |
Annual income level at ARDS treatment | Â | Â | 0.510 |
 Q1 (Lowest) | 92 (28.8) | 1939 (29.9) |  |
 Q2 | 50 (15.7) | 1023 (15.8) |  |
 Q3 | 70 (21.9) | 1263 (19.5) |  |
 Q4 (Highest) | 104 (32.6) | 2123 (32.7) |  |
 Unknown | 3 (0.9) | 142 (2.2) |  |
Admitting department: IM | 273 (85.6) | 5207 (80.2) | 0.019 |
Length of hospitalization, day | 30.2 (21.3) | 20.2 (16.8) |  < 0.001 |
Total cost for hospitalization, USD | 18,394.5 (17,772.2) | 10,425.9 (13,257.2) |  < 0.001 |
Underlying brain disability | 14 (4.4) | 470 (7.2) | 0.068 |
Underlying non-brain disability | 74 (23.2) | 1406 (21.7) | 0.517 |
Annual case volume of ARDS admission |  |  |  < 0.0012 |
 Q1 ≤ 4 | 38 (11.9) | 1379 (21.2) |  |
 Q2: 5–14 | 64 (20.1) | 1584 (24.4) |  |
 Q3: 15–28 | 100 (31.3) | 1866 (28.8) |  |
 Q4 ≥ 28 | 117 (36.7) | 1661 (25.6) |  |
Main diagnosis of ARDS | 162 (50.8) | 3228 (49.7) | 0.715 |
Sepsis associated ARDS | 37 (11.6) | 796 (12.3) | 0.723 |
Diagnosis of shock during hospitalization | 23 (7.2) | 340 (5.2) | 0.126 |
Isolated ICU admission | 13 (4.1) | 183 (2.8) | 0.190 |
CCI at hospital admission for ARDS | Â | Â | 0.584 |
 0–1 | 62 (19.4) | 1461 (22.5) |  |
 2–3 | 102 (32.0) | 2069 (31.9) |  |
 4–5 | 76 (23.8) | 1482 (22.8) |  |
 ≥ 6 | 79 (24.8) | 1478 (22.8) |  |
ECMO support | 23 (7.2) | 294 (4.5) | 0.027 |
NMBA use | 171 (53.6) | 2067 (31.8) |  < 0.001 |
CRRT use | 20 (6.3) | 279 (4.3) | 0.094 |
Benzodiazepine continuous infusion | 248 (77.7) | 3641 (56.1) |  < 0.001 |
Opioid continuous infusion | 77 (24.1) | 972 (15.0) |  < 0.001 |
Propofol continuous infusion | 51 (16.0) | 509 (7.8) |  < 0.001 |
Duration of Mechanical Ventilator use, day | 6.5 (9.2) | 4.5 (8.8) |  < 0.001 |
Experience of CPR during hospitalization | 16 (5.0) | 220 (3.4) | 0.121 |
Concurrent depression | 109 (34.2) | 1757 (27.1) | 0.006 |
Concurrent anxiety disorder | 119 (37.3) | 2205 (34.0) | 0.221 |
Concurrent PTSD | 1 (0.3) | 10 (0.2) | 0.489 |
Concurrent alcohol abuse | Â | Â | Â |
Concurrent other substance abuse | Â | Â | Â |
Year of admission for ARDS | Â | Â | 0.099 |
 2010 | 28 (8.8) | 821 (12.7) |  |
 2011 | 19 (6.0) | 637 (9.8) |  |
 2012 | 29 (9.1) | 578 (8.9) |  |
 2013 | 34 (10.7) | 493 (7.6) |  |
 2014 | 33 (10.3) | 608 (9.4) |  |
 2015 | 34 (10.7) | 587 (9.0) |  |
 2016 | 43 (13.5) | 788 (12.1) |  |
 2017 | 32 (10.0) | 673 (10.4) |  |
 2018 | 39 (12.2) | 684 (10.54) |  |
 2019 | 28 (8.8) | 621 (9.6) |  |
1-year all-cause mortality | 92 (28.8) | 1776 (27.4) | 0.564 |