Table 3 Demographic, clinical, and inflammatory characteristics of patients with controlled and uncontrolled asthma

N

170

63

–

Age (years)

50 ± 12.7

47 ± 12.9

NS

Sex (F, %)

98 (58%)

34 (54.8%)

NS

BMI (kg/m²)

23.7 ± 3.3

24.9 ± 3.5

0.031

Smokers (N, %)

78 (46.2%)

18 (29%)

0.019

-Pack-years

0.8 (0, 22)

0 (0, 4.9)

0.014

NA (N, %)

8 (5.2%)

1 (1.7%)

0.020

EA (N, %)

69 (45.1%)

16 (27.1%)

< 0.001

PGA (N, %)

70 (45.8%)

39 (66.1%)

0.003

MGA (N, %)

6 (3.9%)

3 (5.1%)

0.513

Severe asthma (N, %)

45 (26.6%)

1 (1.6%)

< 0.001

Asthma diagnosis > 1 year (N, %)

103 (61.3%)

38 (61.3%)

NS

Asthma specialist treatment > 3 m (N, %)

86 (51.2%)

41 (67.2%)

0.031

ICS treatment (N, %)

80 (47.1%)

37 (58.7%)

0.013

ICS treatment 3–6 m (N, %)

10 (5.9%)

13 (21%)

0.008

ICS + LABA (N, %)

61 (36.1%)

34 (54.8%)

0.010

ICS dose (μg)

0 (0, 400)

250 (0, 400)

NS

SABA treatment

33 (19.5%)

4 (6.5%)

0.016

Exacerbation (N, %)

58 (34.3%)

8 (12.9%)

0.001

Persistent cough (N, %)

62 (36.9%)

7 (11.3%)

< 0.001

COPD (N, %)

13 (7.9%)

0 (0%)

0.033

Pre-FEV1/FVC%

59.8 ± 12.8

65 ± 14.8

0.003

FEV1% predicted

65.7 ± 25.2

67.4 ± 26.7

NS

Post- FEV1/FVC%

63.5 ± 13.2

68.3 ± 14.8

0.010

Global AQLQ

4.7 ± 1.2

6.1 ± 0.9

< 0.001

HADS

5 (0, 11)

0 (0, 4.7)

< 0.001

White blood cells (10⁹/L)

8.0 ± 2.5

7.2 ± 1.9

0.026

Blood eosinophils (10⁹/L)

0.22 (0.1, 0.5)

0.2 (0.1, 0.5)

NS

Blood neutrophils (10⁹/L)

4.3 (3.4, 5.4)

3.7 (3.1, 5.8)

NS

Blood lymphocytes (10⁹/L)

2.3 ± 0.9

2.1 ± 0.7

0.022

Blood basophils (10⁹/L)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.8)

NS

Sputum TCC (10⁶/mL)

2.9 (1.8, 5.4)

3.3 (2.1, 7.6)

NS

Sputum macrophages (%)

82 (49.7, 93)

92.6 (73.7, 97.5)

0.010

Sputum neutrophils (%)

2 (0.2, 11.2)

0.4 (0, 1.7)

0.012

Sputum eosinophils (%)

2.9 (0.5, 9.4)

1.3 (0, 3.9)

0.003

Sputum lymphocytes (%)

1.6 (0.5, 4.8)

1.7 (0.1, 2.9)

NS