Table 3 Results of LASSO regression with PC1 and PC2 scores as dependent variables, percentage reporting symptom at least once weekly and criteria for symptom selection.
From: Preliminary development of a questionnaire to measure the extra-pulmonary symptoms of severe asthma
Symptoms | LASSO coefficients with PC1 | LASSO coefficients with PC2 | % of people reporting at least once per week | Criteria for symptom selection* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Swollen painful joints | 0.000 | 0.011 | 39 | |
Pain moving from one place of body to another on different days | − 0.087 | 0.038 | 34 | a1 |
Sensitive or tender skin | − 0.038 | 0.000 | 44 | a2 |
Fatigue increasing the day after you are active | 0.000 | 0.046 | 46 | a3 |
Fatigue increasing after a cold or sore throat | 0.000 | 0.020 | 34 | |
Mental fog | 0.100 | 0.000 | 46 | a4 |
Difficulty concentrating | 0.000 | − 0.047 | 52 | ac |
Memory problems | − 0.101 | − 0.090 | 48 | a5 |
Easily feel too cold | − 0.024 | 0.000 | 47 | |
Easily feel too hot sweating | − 0.051 | − 0.017 | 61 | a6 |
Thirsty all the time | 0.000 | − 0.003 | 47 | |
Bloating of the stomach | − 0.083 | 0.000 | 44 | a7 |
Nausea for no reason | − 0.014 | 0.101 | 25 | a8 |
Intolerant to some food | 0.071 | 0.036 | 32 | ac |
Ringing in ears | 0.061 | 0.063 | 34 | a9 |
Very vivid dreams | 0.000 | − 0.051 | 40 | a10 |
Nightmares night terrors | 0.087 | − 0.128 | 17 | |
Sensitivity to bright lights | 0.012 | 0.000 | 26 | |
Sensitivity to noise | 0.000 | − 0.033 | 19 | |
Waking up often at night | 0.000 | 0.144 | 69 | ab |
Racing heart | 0.000 | 0.065 | 43 | a11 |
Hands tremble or shake | − 0.091 | − 0.027 | 56 | a12 |
Face flushes | 0.000 | 0.074 | 35 | a13 |
Running nose | 0.140 | 0.000 | 36 | ab |
Itchy skin | 0.000 | − 0.114 | 51 | ab |
Head cold sore throat or ‘flu | − 0.116 | 0.000 | 6 | |
Mouth ulcers sores in mouth | 0.195 | 0.012 | 13 | |
Skin rash | − 0.034 | 0.046 | 17 | |
Boils or pimples on face or body | − 0.111 | 0.136 | 15 | |
Twitching of eyelid | 0.000 | 0.000 | 16 | |
Twitching other than eyelid | 0.000 | 0.109 | 14 | |
Feeling faint | 0.000 | 0.142 | 19 | |
Numbness tingling pins and needles | 0.000 | − 0.107 | 44 | a14 |
Loss of voice | 0.076 | − 0.081 | 13 | |
Urinating two or more times per night | − 0.148 | 0.000 | 47 | ab |
Blurred vision | − 0.105 | 0.057 | 26 | a15 |
Hair loss | 0.000 | 0.196 | 18 | |
Feeling very ill for no reason | − 0.107 | 0.000 | 29 | a16 |