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Table 2 Prevalence of Asthma and logistic regression estimates by background characteristics, 2017–18

From: Understanding socio-economic inequalities in the prevalence of asthma in India: an evidence from national sample survey 2017–18

Background characteristics

Prevalence (per 1000)

OR [95% CI]

Age (in years)

  

  < 5

0.1

Ref

 05–14

0.5

1.63*(0.92–2.87)

 15–29

0.4

2.41***(1.39–4.18)

 30–44

1.0

6.72***(3.71–12.18)

 45–65

5.1

23.15***(12.95–41.37)

 65 + 

17.3

67.92***(37.75–122.2)

Sex

  

 Male

2.0

Ref

 Female

2.1

0.86**(0.76–0.98)

Marital status

  

 Never married

0.5

1.30(0.91–1.84)

 Currently married

2.5

Ref

 Others§

10.8

1.47***(1.26–1.72)

Educational status

  

 No education#

3.5

1.81***(1.50–2.20)

 Below primary

1.6

1.71***(1.36–2.15)

 Primary and middle

1.8

1.41***(1.17–1.69)

 Secondary and above

1.3

Ref

Religion

  

 Hindu

2.0

Ref

 Muslim

2.0

1.29***(1.10–1.52)

 Others$

2.5

0.79*(0.62–1)

Caste group

  

 Scheduled Tribe

1.4

0.46***(0.34–0.61)

 Scheduled Caste

2.4

1.01(0.84–1.21)

 Other Backward Class

1.8

0.93(0.81–1.07)

 Others

2.4

Ref

Place of residence

  

 Rural

1.9

Ref

 Urban

2.3

1.45***(1.24–1.69)

MPCE

  

 Poorest

1.5

Ref

 Poorer

1.9

1.19(0.96–1.47)

 Middle

2.0

1.45***(1.18–1.79)

 Richer

2.0

1.46***(1.18–1.8)

 Richest

2.9

1.76***(1.43–2.17)

Cooking fuel

  

 Clean£

2.0

Ref

 Others

2.1

1.37***(1.19–1.59)

Source of drinking water

  

 Improved

2.0

Ref

 Unimproved

2.1

1.34**(1.03–1.75)

Type of toilet facility

  

 Improved¥

2.1

Ref

 Unimproved

1.9

0.94(0.79–1.13)

Household size

  

 Less than 4 member

1.7

0.71***(0.62–0.82)

 4 or more member

3.7

Ref

Garbage disposal

  

 Have arrangement

2.0

Ref

 No arrangement

2.1

1.13*(0.98–1.3)

 Total

2.0

 
  1. *if p < 0.01 **if p < 0.05 ***if p < 0.1; OR: Odds Ratio; CI: Confidence Interval; MPCE: Monthly per capita consumption expenditure
  2. Includes widow, separated and divorced
  3. #No education also includes those who never attended school
  4. $Includes Christianity, Sikhism, Jainism, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, and Others
  5. £Clean only includes LPG and Others includes firewood and chips, other natural gas, dung cake, kerosene, coke, coal, gobar gas, other biogas, charcoal, no cooking arrangement and others which were used for any purpose
  6. Includes bottled water, piped water in dwelling/premises/yard, piped water outside, tube-well/bore-well (inside or outside premise), protected well (inside or outside premise), protected spring/pond and community RO plant
  7. ¥Includes flush/pour flush latrine to: piped sew, septic tank, pit latrine