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Table 1 Cohort characteristics

From: Lung function and atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study of multimorbidity in rural Uganda

 

Total Cohort

(n = 265)

HIV+

(n = 140)

HIV−

(n = 125)

p value

Age, years

52 [49, 56]

52 [49, 55]

53 [49, 56]

0.807

Female sex

125 (47)

65 (46)

60 (48)

0.798

Subsistence farmer

175 (66)

74 (53)

102 (82)

< 0.001

Education

   

0.138

 Did not complete primary school

147 (55)

70 (50)

77 (62)

 

 Completed primary school

90 (34)

52 (37)

38 (30)

 

 Completed secondary school

28 (11)

18 (13)

10 (8)

 

Asset index (median score per quartile)†

   

0.001

 Poorest (− 2.04)

65 (25)

28 (20)

37 (30)

 

 Poor (− 1.18)

71 (27)

30 (21)

41 (33)

 

 Less poor (0.23)

64 (24)

35 (25)

29 (23)

 

 Least poor (2.60)

65 (25)

47 (34)

18 (14)

 

Smoking history

   

0.005

 Never Smoker

134 (51)

79 (56)

55 (44)

 

 Former Smoker

91 (34)

49 (35)

42 (34)

 

 Current Smoker

40 (15)

12 (9)

28 (22)

 

Cooking biomass exposure

   

< 0.001

 Charcoal

37 (14)

35 (25)

2 (2)

 

 Firewood

225 (85)

102 (73)

123 (98)

 

 History of pneumonia or TB

40 (15)

33 (24)

7 (6)

< 0.001

Medical comorbidities††

    

 COPD/Asthma

9 (3)

7 (5)

2 (2)

0.179

 DM

14 (5)

6 (4)

8 (6)

0.584

 HTN

52 (20)

20 (14)

32 (26)

0.021

 HL

9 (3)

6 (4)

3 (2)

0.507

 Stroke

8 (3)

5 (4)

3 (2)

0.726

 MI/CHF

3 (1)

1 (1)

2 (2)

0.603

Total activity per week (min)

9,102

[5,733, 11,664]

7,866

[5238, 10,764]

9743

[6,927, 13,025]

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m3)

   

0.012

 Underweight (< 18.5)

32 (12)

9 (6)

23 (18)

 

 Normal (18.5–24.9)

154 (58)

91 (65)

63 (50)

 

 Overweight (25–29.9)

48 (18)

26 (19)

22 (18)

 

 Obese (≥ 30)

31 (12)

14 (10)

17 (14)

 

HIV Characteristics

 HIV viral load (copies/μL)

  Undetectable

 

123 (93)

  

  Detectable, up to 10,000

 

7 (5)

  

  > 10,000

 

2 (2)

  

 CD4 T-cell count (cells/mm3)

  ≥ 500

 

46 (46)

  

  350–499

 

37 (37)

  

  < 350

 

18 (18)

  

 ART regimen

  AZT/3TC/NVP or EFV

 

108 (78)

  

  TDF/3TC/NVP or EFV

 

19 (14)

  

  TDF/3TC/LPV/r

 

11 (8)

  

  Tri

 

1 (1)

  

ART duration, years

 

9 [8, 10]

  
  1. (n) % and median [IQR] unless otherwise indicated
  2. Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; HL, hyperlipidemia; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; ART, antiretroviral therapy; AZT, zidovudine; NVP, nevirapine; TDF, tenofovir; LPV/r, lopinavir/ritonavir; 3TC, Lamivudine; EFV, Efavirenz; Tri, Triumeq
  3. †Asset index total cohort adds up to 101% due to rounding
  4. ††Medical comorbidities were self-reported
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