Table 3 Predictors of venous thromboembolism in IPF group

No. of patients

247 (95.4)

12 (4.6)

Age, median (IQR) years

67 (61–72)

72 (62–74)

1.03

0.96–1.11

0.408

Male gender

174 (70)

7 (58)

0.59

0.18–2.04

0.385

Smoking

Smokers or ex-smokers

174 (70)

7 (58)

0.59

0.18–2.04

0.385

Comorbidities

Arterial hypertension

Coronary artery disease

Diabetes mellitus

Congestive heart failure

Pulmonary hypertension (by echocardiography)

146 (60)

73 (30)

59 (24)

44 (18)

89 (47)

10 (83)

6 (50)

3 (25)

3 (25)

8 (67)

3.29

2.38

1.06

1.54

2.22

0.84–21.7

0.72–7.86

0.23–3.69

0.33–5.40

0.68–8.57

0.090

0.149

0.930

0.545

0.191

Treatment

ASA

Systemic steroids

Immunosuppressants

85 (35)

51 (21)

30 (12)

3 (25)

7 (58)

4 (33)

0.63

5.38

3.62

0.14–2.18

1.65–18.8

0.92–12.2

0.485

0.006

0.064

Pulmonary function test

FVC% predicted

FEV₁% predicted

FEV₁%FVC

DLco% predicted

87 (74–102)

89 (77–103)

81 (76–75)

51 (40–65)

78 (70–92)

82 (71–94)

79 (78–86)

41 (35–47)

0.98

0.98

1.01

0.97

0.94–1.01

0.95–1.01

0.94–1.09

0.92–1.01

0.128

0.211

0.759

0.104

6-min walking distance (m)

430 (352–511)

331 (270–401)

0.99

0.99–1.00

0.061

GAP stage

I

II

III

157 (64)

77 (32)

10 (4)

6 (55)

2 (18)

3 (27)

–

0.68

7.85

–

0.10–3.03

1.49–34.9

0.037

D-dimer (µg/ml)

483 (325–731)

1095 (478–1779)

1.02

1.00–1.03

0.111