Variable | Baseline value | Sensitivity analysis range | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Incidence of lung cancer in 60-year-old never smokers in Japan | Â | Â | Â |
 Women | 0.0152 | 0.001–0.03 | [23] |
 Men | 0.009 | 0.001–0.03 |  |
Stage-specific 5-year survival rate in Japan |  |  |  |
 Stage I | 0.812 | 0.7–0.85 | [21] |
 Stage II | 0.463 | 0.3–0.6 |  |
 Stage III | 0.223 | 0.15–0.5 |  |
 Stage IV | 0.051 | 0.01–0.1 |  |
Stage detection proportions of lung cancer in no screening in Japan | Â | Â | Â |
 Stage I | 0.22 | 0.1–0.6 | [32] |
 Stage II | 0.06 | 0–0.2 |  |
 Stage III | 0.21 | 0.1–0.3 |  |
 Stage IV | 0.51 | 0.3–0.7 |  |
Costs in Japan, US$ | Â | Â | Â |
 CXR | 28.5 | 14.3–57.0 | [33] |
 LDCT | 195.7 | 97.9–391.4 |  |
 Bronchoscopy with CT-guided lung biopsy | 906.2 | 453.1–1812.4 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage I | 25,835 | 12,918–51,670 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage II | 37,758 | 18,879–75,516 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage III | 48,688 | 24,344–97,376 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage IV | 264,308 | 132,154–528,616 |  |
Incidence of lung cancer in 60-year-old never smokers in the United States |  |  |  |
 Women | 0.000207 | 0.000135–0.000311 | [26] |
 Men | 0.000137 | 0.00009–0.000215 |  |
Stage-specific 5-year survival rate in the United States | Â | Â | Â |
 Stage I | 0.75 | 0.7–0.85 | |
 Stage II | 0.53 | 0.3–0.6 |  |
 Stage III | 0.41 | 0.15–0.5 |  |
 Stage IV | 0.07 | 0.01–0.1 |  |
Stage detection proportions of lung cancer in no screening in the United States | Â | Â | Â |
 Stage I | 0.24 | 0.1–0.6 | [30] |
 Stage II | 0.07 | 0–0.2 |  |
 Stage III | 0.28 | 0.1–0.3 |  |
 Stage IV | 0.41 | 0.3–0.7 |  |
Costs in the United States, US$ | Â | Â | Â |
 CXR | 42.3 | 21.2–84.6 | |
 LDCT | 254.6 | 127.3–509.2 |  |
 Bronchoscopy with CT-guided lung biopsy | 681.0 | 340.5–1362.0 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage I | 20,984 | 10,492–41,968 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage II | 20,984 | 10,492–41,968 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage III | 37,987 | 18,994–75,974 |  |
 Treatment of lung cancer, Stage IV | 82,601 | 41,301–165,202 |  |
Stage detection proportions of lung cancer in CXR screening in Japan and the United States | Â | Â | Â |
 Stage I | 0.61 | 0.4–0.7 | [39] |
 Stage II | 0.07 | 0–0.2 |  |
 Stage III | 0.17 | 0.1–0.3 |  |
 Stage IV | 0.15 | 0.1–0.3 |  |
Stage detection proportions of lung cancer in LDCT screening in Japan and the United States | Â | Â | Â |
 Stage I | 0.96 | 0.8–1.0 | [23] |
 Stage II | 0.01 | 0–0.1 |  |
 Stage III | 0.03 | 0–0.1 |  |
 Stage IV | 0.01 | 0–0.1 |  |
Accuracies (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Sensitivity of CXR | 73.5 | 67.2–79.8 | [41] |
 Specificity of CXR | 91.3 | 91.0–91.6 |  |
 Sensitivity of LDCT | 93.8 | 90.6–96.3 |  |
 Specificity of LDCT | 73.4 | 72.8–73.9 |  |
Utilities | Â | Â | Â |
 Healthy | 1 | N/A | [44] |
 Stage I lung cancer | 0.87 | 0.7–0.9 |  |
 Stage II lung cancer | 0.87 | 0.7–0.9 |  |
 Stage III lung cancer | 0.77 | 0.6–0.8 |  |
 Stage IV lung cancer | 0.57 | 0.3–0.6 |  |
 Cured lung cancer | 0.9 | 0.7–0.9 |  |
 Dead | 0 | N/A |  |
Cumulative increased radiogenic risk of cancer from repeated annual LDCT (%) | Â | Â | Â |
 Women | 0.30 | N/A | [42] |
 Men | 0.13 | N/A |  |