Variables | Number of events/cases (%) | Multivariable-adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Exposure group | Reference group | |||
Male gender | 21/77 (27.3%) | 8/17 (47.3%) | 0.90 (0.18–4.40) | 0.89 |
Age (per 10-year increase) | N/A | N/A | 0.83 (0.41–1.66) | 0.60 |
BMI (per 1 kg/m2 increase) | N/A | N/A | 1.03 (0.86–1.22) | 0.76 |
FEV1 (per 1 L increase) | N/A | N/A | 0.29 (0.10–0.76) | 0.02 |
Inhaled long-acting bronchodilator use | 22/68 (32.4%) | 7/26 (26.9%) | 8.42 (0.93–108) | 0.07 |
ICS use | 17/64 (26.6%) | 12/30 (40.0%) | 0.07 (0.01–0.59) | 0.02 |
COPD-like features | ||||
Smoking history ≥ 10 pack-years | 28/87 (32.2%) | 1/7 (14.3%) | 3.32 (0.34–80.7) | 0.36 |
Emphysema | 22/64 (34.4%) | 7/30 (23.3%) | 1.32 (0.39–4.77) | 0.66 |
Asthmatic features | ||||
Eosinophilic component | 18/56 (32.1%) | 11/38 (28.9%) | 1.65 (0.51–5.71) | 0.41 |
High FeNO | 11/44 (25.0%) | 18/50 (36.0%) | 0.51 (0.15–1.61) | 0.26 |
Positive levels for total IgE and/or IgE specific to perennial inhalant antigens | 21/75 (28.0%) | 8/19 (42.1%) | 0.51 (0.12–2.06) | 0.34 |
Bronchial reversibility | 5/18 (27.8%) | 24/76 (31.6%) | 1.08 (0.24–4.20) | 0.92 |