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Table 1 Clinical characteristics on admission to the weaning center—comparison of patients with and without tracheal stenosis

From: Tracheal stenosis in prolonged mechanically ventilated patients: prevalence, risk factors, and bronchoscopic management

Clinical characteristics

All patients (n = 357)

Tracheal stenosis (n = 114)

No tracheal stenosis (n = 243)

P valuea

Age (years)

69 (60–75)

69 (61–75)

69 (59–76)

0.415b

Male gender

216 (60.5)

66 (57.9)

150 (61.7)

0.490c

Body mass index (kg/m2)

26.2 (± 9.1)

27.3 (± 9.3)

25.7 (± 9.0)

0.021b

 Obesity (defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2)

93 (26.1)

40 (35.1)

53 (21.8)

0.009c

Smoking history

172 (48.2)

54 (47.4)

118 (48.6)

0.834c

APACHE-II (points)

16 (13–19)

15 (13–19)

16 (13–20)

0.449b

Albumin (g/dL)

2.2 (± 0.5)

2.3 (± 0.5)

2.2 (± 0.5)

0.048b

Pre-existing HMV-NIV

17 (6.0)

5 (4.4)

12 (4.9)

0.820c

Ventilator days on admission

22 (15–31)

22 (15–30)

23 (15–33)

0.947b

Percutaneous tracheostomy

272 (76.2)

94 (82.5)

178 (73.3)

0.057c

Intubation to tracheostomy (days)

10 (6–14)

10 (6–14)

10 (6–15)

0.910b

ECLA

29 (8.1)

9 (7.9)

20 (8.2)

0.914c

Reason for mechanical ventilation

    

Pneumonia

118 (33.1)

37 (32.5)

81 (33.3)

0.870c

Surgery

84 (23.5)

22 (19.3)

62 (25.5)

0.197c

Acute exacerbation of COPD

38 (10.6)

13 (11.4)

25 (10.3)

0.750c

Sepsis (including septic shock)

35 (9.8)

12 (10.5)

23 (9.5)

0.754c

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

28 (7.8)

11 (9.6)

17 (7.0)

0.385c

Acute heart failure

11 (3.1)

3 (2.6)

8 (3.3)

0.737c

Other

43 (12.0)

16 (14.0)

27 (11.1)

0.429c

Comorbidities

    

Charlson comorbidity index (points)

5 (4–7)

5 (4–7)

5 (4–7)

0.997b

Diabetes mellitus

108 (30.3)

42 (36.8)

66 (27.2)

0.064c

Coronary artery disease

104 (29.1)

32 (28.1)

72 (29.6)

0.763c

Renal insufficiency

93 (26.1)

30 (26.3)

63 (25.9)

0.938c

 Hemodialysis

43 (12.0)

15 (13.1)

28 (11.5)

0.432c

COPD

95 (26.6)

33 (28.9)

62 (25.5)

0.494c

Immunosuppression§

65 (18.2)

16 (14.0)

49 (20.2)

0.162c

 Steroids*

36 (10.1)

8 (7.0)

28 (11.5)

0.188c

Chronic heart failure

59 (16.5)

15 (13.2)

44 (18.1)

0.241c

Malignancy

37 (10.4)

9 (7.9)

28 (11.5)

0.295c

Hepatopathy

24 (6.7)

6 (5.3)

18 (7.4)

0.451c

Interstitial lung disease

25 (7.0)

4 (3.5)

21 (8.6)

0.077c

Neuromuscular disease

4 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

4 (1.6)

0.169c

  1. The bold values represent statistically significant results (with P < 0.05)
  2. Continuous variables are presented as mean (± standard deviation) or median (– interquartile range [IQR]); categorical variables are presented as numbers (%)
  3. BMI, body mass index; APACHE-II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score; HMV-NIV, home mechanical ventilation-non-invasive ventilation; ECLA, extracorporeal lung assistance (in acute respiratory failure); COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  4. *Refers to more than 20 mg of prednisolone for more than 2 weeks throughout weaning
  5. §These include 36 patients on steroids, 21 patients with chemotherapy within the last three months, six after organ transplant, one with HIV stage C, and one with splenectomy
  6. aP value for differences between patients with and without subglottic tracheal stenosis
  7. bMann-Whitney U test
  8. cChi-squared test
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BMC Pulmonary Medicine

ISSN: 1471-2466

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