Typical antipsychotics is associated with increased risk of severe exacerbation in asthma patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 2 Risk of severe asthma exacerbation by different classes of antipsychotics and doses

Characteristics	No. (%)		Conditional logistic regression				P for trend
Characteristics	Case period (n = 18,657)	Control period (n = 18,657)	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	P value	P for trend
No use of anti-psychotics	17,944 (96.18)	18,056 (96.78)	Ref		Ref
Any use of anti-psychotics	713 (3.82)	601 (3.22)	1.48 (1.25–1.74)	< 0.001	1.27 (1.05–1.53)	0.015
Antipsychotics class^b
Typical only	269 (1.44)	193 (1.03)	1.63 (1.31–2.04)	< 0.001	1.42 (1.10–1.82)	0.006
Atypical only	411 (2.20)	390 (2.09)	1.25 (0.98–1.59)	0.072	1.05 (0.80–1.38)	0.704
Both	33 (0.18)	18 (0.10)	3.03 (1.40–6.57)	0.005	2.34 (1.02–5.35)	0.045
Dose
Low (≤ 0.25 DDD)	604 (3.24)	504 (2.70)	1.47 (1.24–1.74)	< 0.001	1.25 (1.03–1.50)	0.023	0.038
Medium to high (> 0.25 DDD)	109 (3.24)	97 (0.52)	1.57 (1.11–2.21)	0.011	1.47 (1.00–2.15)	0.049
Dose (for typical only)
Low (≤ 0.25 DDD)	255 (1.37)	184 (0.99)	1.61 (1.28–2.02)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.06–1.75)	0.015	0.006
Medium to high (> 0.25 DDD)	14 (0.08)	9 (0.05)	2.85 (0.96–8.50)	0.060	4.58 (1.36–15.40)	0.014
Dose (for atypical only)
Low (≤ 0.25 DDD)	326 (1.75)	311 (1.67)	1.27 (0.99–1.63)	0.066	1.06 (0.80–1.41)	0.682	0.767
Medium to high (> 0.25 DDD)	85 (0.46)	79 (0.42)	1.36 (0.91–2.03)	0.134	1.18 (0.76–1.83)	0.468

DDD: defined daily dose; OR: odds ratio
^aAdjusted for heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity disorder, rhinosinusitis, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, pneumonia, acute upper airway infection, antiplatelet agents, cardioselective β-blocker, non-selective β-blocker, NSAID, anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, bladder anticholinergic agents, gastrointestinal tract anticholinergic agents, first generation anti-histamine, second/third generation anti-histamine, short-acting beta-agonist, short-acting muscarinic antagonist, short-acting beta-agonist plus short-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta-agonist plus long-acting beta-agonist, long-acting beta-agonist, xanthine inhibitor, leukotriene receptor antagonist
^bSee Additional file 1: Table S1

ISSN: 1471-2466