Typical antipsychotics is associated with increased risk of severe exacerbation in asthma patients: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Table 3 Risk of severe asthma exacerbation by different classes of antipsychotics and doses after excluding schizophrenia patients

Characteristics	No. (%)		Conditional logistic regression				P for trend
Characteristics	Case period	Control period	Crude OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)	P value	P for trend
No use of antipsychotics	17,900 (96.73)	18,008 (97.31)	Ref		Ref
Any use of antipsychotics	606 (3.3)	498 (2.7)	1.49 (1.26–1.77)	< 0.001	1.28 (1.06–1.57)	0.011
Antipsychotics class^b
Typical only	260 (1.40)	186 (1.01)	1.62 (1.29–2.03)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.07–1.76)	0.012
Atypical only	326 (1.76)	298 (1.61)	1.32 (1.01–1.71)	0.039	1.15 (0.86–1.54)	0.344
Both	20 (0.11)	14 (0.08)	1.87 (0.81–4.30)	0.142	1.60 (0.66–3.92)	0.300
Dose
Low (≤ 0.25 DDD)	535 (2.89)	441 (2.38)	1.48 (1.25–1.76)	< 0.001	1.27 (1.05–1.54)	0.016	0.005
Medium to high (> 0.25 DDD)	71 (0.38)	57 (0.31)	1.81 (1.17–2.78)	0.007	1.65 (1.03–2.62)	0.036
Dose (typical only)
Low (≤ 0.25 DDD)	249 (1.35)	181 (0.98)	1.60 (1.27–2.01)	< 0.001	1.37 (1.06–1.76)	0.015	0.004
Medium to high (> 0.25 DDD)	11 (0.06)	5 (0.03)	4.30 (1.15–16.15)	0.031	5.74 (1.33–24.67)	0.019
Dose (atypical only)
Low (≤ 0.25 DDD)	271 (1.46)	252 (1.36)	1.30 (0.99–1.70)	0.057	1.12 (0.83–1.52)	0.451	0.282
Medium to high (> 0.25 DDD)	55 (0.30)	46 (0.25)	1.51 (0.92–2.47)	0.107	1.33 (0.78–2.27)	0.301

DDD: defined daily dose, OR: odds ratio
^aAdjusted for heart failure, ischemic heart disease, stroke, gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity disorder, rhinosinusitis, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, pneumonia, acute upper airway infection, antiplatelet agents, cardioselective β-blocker, non-selective β-blocker, NSAID, anti-psychotics, anti-depressants, bladder anticholinergic agents, gastrointestinal tract anticholinergic agents, first generation anti-histamine, second/third generation anti-histamine, short-acting beta-agonist, short-acting muscarinic antagonist, short-acting beta-agonist plus short-acting muscarinic antagonist, long-acting beta-agonist plus long-acting beta-agonist, long-acting beta-agonist, xanthine inhibitor, leukotriene receptor antagonist
^bSee Additional file 1: Table S1

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