Table 1 Study details and patient characteristics
References | Design | N | Study population/average FEV1 (% predicted) | Age | Men, % | Follow-up, months | Mortality rate, % | Meta-analysis (N = 17) | Model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abu Hussein [21] | Cohort | 646 | COPD, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 52.4 ± 26.0 | 67.4 ± 10.3 | 61.6 | 24 | 8.1 | − | − |
Almagro [22] | RCT | 606 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 45.4 ± 15.6 (cohort 1) & 41.2 ± 14.8 (cohort 2) | 72.6 ± 9.9 | 90.0 | 12 | 13.5 | − | + |
Ankjærgaard [23] | Cohort | 201 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 35.0 (32.7–37.3) | 71.5 (69.9–73.0) | 43.3 | 24 | 43.8 | − | − |
Bélanger [24] | Cohort | 479 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 51.2 ± 16.8 | 68.9 ± 9.4 | 52.0 | 12 | 10.4 | − | − |
Bloom [25] | Cohort | 54,990 | COPD, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 n/a | Training: 69.9 ± 10.7; test: 70.0 ± 10.6 | 50.0 | 12 | 21.0 | − | + |
Cheng [26] | Cohort | 429 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 n/a | 76.2 ± 9.3 | 66.4 | 12 | 13.8 | − | − |
Coleta [27] | Cohort | 78 | COPD admitted to LTOT/FEV1 40.7 ± 16.1 | 66.0 ± 8.9 | 55.1 | 12 | 15.4 | − | − |
Duenk [28] | Cohort | 155 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD 0-IV/29% had FEV1 < 30% of predicted | 67.5 ± 9.6 | 68.0 | 12 | 19.4 | − | + |
Duman [29] | Cohort | 1,704 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 n/a | Group 1: 70.0 (61.0–80.0); group 2: 71.0 (63.0–78.0) | 65.5 | 6 | 15.0 | − | − |
Edwards [30] | Cohort | 133 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 n/a | 72.7 ± 10.0 | 51.1 | 12 | 26.0 | − | − |
Eriksen [31] | Cohort | 300 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD II-IV/FEV1 34.9 (group 1) and 37.6 (group 2) | 72.1 ± n/a | 38.3 | 12 | 25.5 | + | − |
Fan [32] | Cohort | 3,282 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 62.4 | 65.6 ± 10.9 | 96.3 | 12 | 5.1 | − | − |
García-Sanz [33] | Cohort | 757 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 n/a | 74.8 ± 11.2 | 77.0 | 12 | 26.2 | + | − |
Gavazzi [34] | Cohort | 267 | COPD/(FEV1 < 30% or on LTOT > 8 h/day) | 75.0 ± 9.0 | 70.8 | 6 | 37.0 | + | − |
Gudmundsson [35] | Cohort | 416 | COPD, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 40.6 ± 19.2 (survivors) and 33.5 ± 14.4 (dead) | Survivors: 68.2 ± 10.9; dead: 72.1 ± 8.7 | 48.1 | 24 | 29.3 | + | − |
Guerrero [36] | Cohort | 378 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD A-D/FEV1 44.2 ± 16.9 | 71.4 ± 10.0 | 84.0 | 12 | 21.0 | + | − |
Hallin [37] | Cohort | 261 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD ≥ 1/FEV1 41 ± 19 (survivors) and 33 ± 14 (dead) | Survivors: 68.0 ± 12.0; dead: 72.0 ± 9.0 | 51.7 | 24 | 19.0 | + | − |
Ho [38] | Cohort | 4,204 | COPD/FEV1 n/a | 75.0 ± 11.0 | 73.0 | 12 | 22.0 | + | − |
Hoong [39] | Cohort | 286 | COPD/FEV1 64.4 ± 19.6 (nourished group) and 60.8 ± 20.5 (malnourished group) | 66.6 ± 11.0 | 67.8 | 12 | 18.7 | − | − |
Horita [40] | Cohort | 607 | COPD/FEV1 27 ± 7 | 67.0 ± 6.0 | 63.9 | 24 | 16.8 | − | + |
Hu [41] | Cohort | 343 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 51.6 ± 20.9 (survivors) and 52.0 ± 16.2 (dead) | Survivors: 75.8 ± 9.9; dead: 80.0 ± 8.1) | 65.0 | 12 | 16.6 | + | − |
Man [42] | Cohort | 4,803 | COPD/FEV < 90% but ≥ 55% | 53.0 ± 7.0 | 63.0 | 24 | n/a | − | + |
Marin [43] | Cohort | 3,633 | COPD, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 53.8 ± 19.4 | 66.4 ± 9.7 | 93.3 | 12 | 6.3 | − | + |
Martinez [44] | RCT | 1,218 | COPD/FEV1 26.75 ± 7.20 | 67.1 ± 6.1 | 61.2 | 24 | n/a | − | + |
Martinez-Rivera [45] | Cohort | 117 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD II-IV/FEV1 37.71 ± 12.7 (survivors) and 36.13 ± 10.6 (dead) | 72.0 ± 9.1 | 93.2 | 12 | 22.2 | + | − |
Morales [46] | Cohort | 54,879 | COPD/FEV1 59.5 ± 20.4 | 74.1 ± 10.3 | 53.8 | 24 | 10.5 | − | + |
Navarro [47] | Cohort | 80 | COPD, GOLD B-D/FEV1 40 ± 16 | 73.4 ± 8.9 | 90.0 | 21.4 (12.6–24.7) | 21.0 | + | − |
Neo [48] | Cohort | 124 | COPD, GOLD III-IV/FEV1 35.9 ± 9.8 | 71.7 ± 7.6 | 88.5 | 18 | 13.7 | − | − |
Niksarlioǧlu [49] | Cohort | 49 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD II-IV/FEV1 34 ± 12 | 71.1 ± 10.9 | 77.6 | 24 | 14.9 | + | − |
Park [50] | Cohort | 314 | COPD exacerbation, with or without CAP/FEV1 54.6–58.7 ± 21.0–23.9 with CAP), 55.5–60.7 ± 22.5–29.8 (without CAP) | 72.2 ± 9.4 | 76.4 | 12 | 18.2 | + | + |
Pascual-Guardia [51] | Cohort | 248 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 35 (24–45) (group 1) and 40 (28–51) (group 2) | Group 1: 74.5 (67.0–80.0); group 2: 73.0 (63.0–80.0) | 80.6 | 24 | 38.2 | − | − |
Philip [52] | Cohort | 22,019 | COPD/FEV1 n/a | 73.0 ± 10.4 | 50.3 | 6 | 13.2 | − | − |
Pinto-Plata [53] | Cohort | 198 | COPD/FEV1 n/a | 68.0 ± 9.0 | 85.0 | 24 | 42.0 | + | − |
Puhan [54] | Cohort | 409 | COPD, GOLD II-IV/FEV1 n/a | 67.3 ± 10.0 | 57.0 | 24 | 9.3 | − | + |
Ranieri [55] | Cohort | 244 | COPD exacerbation or respiratory failure, GOLD I-III/FEV1 n/a | 81.7 ± 7.3 | 44.7 | 6 | 20.0 | + | − |
Renom [56] | Cohort | 116 | COPD GOLD II-IV/FEV1 36.5 ± 13.4 | 70.6 ± 8.6 | 94.0 | 24 | 36.0 | + | − |
Shin [57] | Cohort | 134 | COPD, GOLD A-D/FEV1 55.0 + 20.4 | 72.8 ± 8.8 | 76.1 | 6 | 24.6 | + | − |
Slenter [58] | Cohort | 260 | COPD exacerbation, GOLD I-IV/FEV1 45.0 ± 18.0 | 70.5 ± 10.8 | 50.0 | 12 | 27.7 | + | − |
Stolz [59] | Cohort | 549 | COPD, GOLD II-IV/FEV1 48.9 ± 18.3 | 66.0 ± 11.4 | 69.8 | 24 | 7.8 | + | − |
Yohannes [60] | Cohort | 100 | COPD exacerbation/FEV1 40 ± 15 (survivors) and 39 ± 14 (dead) | 73.0 (60.0–98.0) | 48.0 | 12 | 36.0 | − | − |
Zhan [61] | Cohort | 418,251 | COPD/FEV1 n/a | 67.0 ± 13.0 | 60.0 | 12 | 5.8 | − | + |
Zimmermann [62] | Cohort | 211 | COPD, GOLD II-IV/FEV1 n/a | 72.0 (64.0–77.0) | 71.0 | 12 | 18.4 | − | − |