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Table 1 The baseline characteristics

From: The ROX index as a predictor of high-flow nasal cannula outcome in pneumonia patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study no

Author/year

Design

Location

Subjects

Sample size

Age (years; mean or median)

PaO2/FiO2 ratio at baseline (mmHg; mean or median)

The ROX index at baseline (mean or median)

Duration of HFNC

Mortality (death/total)

HFNC success

HFNC failure

HFNC success

HFNC failure

1

Blez/2020

Prospective, single-centre

France

COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with HFNC

30

64

NR

NR

5 (4–7) days

1 (0.9–2.5) day

NR

NR

2

Calligaro/2020

Prospective, multi-centre

South Africa

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

293

52

68

NR

6 (3–9) days

2 (1–5) days

1/137

129/156

3

Chandel/2021

Retrospective, multi-centered

USA

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

272

57

NR

NR

4 (2–7) days

2 (1–4) days

NR

49/108

4

Duan/2021

Retrospective, multi-centered

China

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

66

67

194

9.0

242 (144–295) hours

39 (15–117) hours

0/37

14/29

5

Daniel/2021

Prospective, multi-centre

Colombia and Bolivia

Pneumonia patients with AHRF

106

59

NR

NR

NR

NR

7/27

8/79

6

Ferrer/2021

Prospective, single-centre

Spain

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

85

65

NR

NR

3.29 ± 0.53

1.47 ± 0.21

2/38

17/47

7

Goh/2020

Prospective, single-centre

Singapore

Patients with AHRF (88% due to pneumonia)

99

64

93

4.0

41.5 (22.1–70.1) hours

16.2 (7.4–35.5) hours

11/54

27/45

8

Hu/2020

Retrospective, multi-centered

China

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

105

64

116

NR

6.0 (3.5–8.5) days

3.0 (2.0–11.0) days

0/65

16/40

9

Panadero/2020

Retrospective, single-centre

Spain

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

40

59

NR

3.8

6 (5–8) days

2 (1–4) days

0/19

9/21

10

Roca/2016

Prospective, multi-centre

Spain and France

Pneumonia patients with AHRF

157

52

NR

6.9

3 (2–6) days

1 (1–4) days

NR

NR

11

Vega/2022

Retrospective, multi-centered

Argentina and Italy

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

120

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

0/85

9/35

12

Xu/2020

Retrospective, multi-centered

China

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

324

63

141

4.3

10 (7–15) days

3 (1–4) days

NR

NR

13

Zucman/2020

Retrospective, single-centre

France

COVID-19 pneumonia patients with AHRF

62

55

NR

NR

NR

NR

0/21

2/41

  1. COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, AHRF acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, MV mechanical ventilation, HFNC high-flow nasal cannula, ROX respiratory rate-oxygenation, PaO2 arterial oxygen partial pressure, FiO2 fraction of inspired oxygen, NR no record