Fig. 2

Elevated serum endotoxin level in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. a Plasma endotoxin levels in the control participants and in patients with CTEPH. b to e show scatter plots between endotoxin and inflammatory cytokine levels. b Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and endotoxin (r = 0.492, P < 0.01) levels. c Interleukin (IL)-6 and endotoxin (r = 0.565, P < 0.01) levels. d IL-8 and endotoxin (r = 0.425, P < 0.05) levels. e Macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and endotoxin (r = 0.481, P < 0.01) levels