Biomarkers to guide the use of antibiotics for acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD): a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 2 Sputum and serum biomarkers identified

Serum	Sputum
Albumin, Amino acids, B lymphocyte %, Basophil %, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL13, CCL17, CD16-neg T lymphocytes %, CD4-pos T lymphocyte %, CD64, CD64 index of granulocytes, CD64% expression, Copeptin, CRP, CXCL10, CXCL11, ECP, Eosinophil count, Eosinophil %, Glucose, GMCSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, Immature granulocytes %, LDH, Leukocyte count, Lymphocyte count, Lymphocyte %, MPO, Neopterin, Neutrophil count, Neutrophil %, NE, N/L ratio, PSP/reg, Plasma cell %, PCT, ROS, SAA, sICAM, sTREM-1, SPD, T and NK lymphocytes %, T-lymphocyte %, TNF-α, TNFRI, TNFRII, WBC count	Albumin, CCL13, CCL17, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL2, CRP, CXCL10, CXCL11, ECP, Eosinophil count, Glucose, IL-1B, IL-5, IL-6, IL-6R, IL-8, LDH, LTB4, Lymphocyte count, MCP-1, MPO, Neopterin, Neutrophil %, Neutrophil count, NE, PTX3, pH, ROS, TNF-a, TNFRI, TNFRII

CCL chemokine ligand, CD cluster of differentiation, CRP C-reactive protein, CXCL C-X-C motif chemokine, ECP eosinophil cationic protein, GMCSF granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, LTB4 leukotriene-B4, MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MPO myeloperoxidase, NE neutrophil elastase, N/L neutrophil/lymphocyte, PSP/reg pancreatic stone protein/regenerating protein, PCT procalcitonin, PTX3 pentraxin 3, ROS reactive oxygen species, SAA serum amyloid A, sICAM soluble intercellular adhesion molecule, sTREM-1 soluble myeloid cell trigger receptor-1, SPD surfactant protein D, TNF tumour necrosis factor, TNFR tumour necrosis factor receptor, WBC white blood cell

ISSN: 1471-2466