Skip to main content
Fig. 1 | BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Fig. 1

From: Effects of long-acting muscarinic antagonists on promoting ciliary function in airway epithelium

Fig. 1

The effects of the intranasal administration of glycopyrronium on cilia-driven flow and ciliary motility Wild-type (WT) mice were treated with glycopyrronium (GLY) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) intranasally for 7 days, The trachea was then removed. Cilia-driven flow and ciliary motility were evaluated. A. Representative bead trajectories of cilia-driven flow (rainbow trace for 4.4 s). B. the histogram of the cilia-driven flows (150 beads from 3 tracheas) in each condition. C. the bar chart of the cilia-driven flow demonstrated that 7-day GLY administration significantly increased cilia-driven flow (PBS, 7.30 ± 0.15 μm/s; GLY, 9.04 ± 0.08 μm/s; n = 3 tracheas in each condition). D. Kymographs of the ciliary beating. E. GLY significantly increased ciliary beating frequency (CBF; PBS, 15.23 [8.20–22.27] Hz; GLY, 18.17 [10.55–23.44] Hz; n = 30 cilia in each condition). F. The ciliary beating amplitude did not differ between the conditions (PBS, 4.18 ± 0.14 μm; GLY, 4.23 ± 0.15 μm). G and H. The effective stroke velocity (G) (PBS, 503.7 ± 21.1 μm/s; GLY, 785.7 ± 45.1 μm/s) and recovery stroke velocity (H) (PBS, 396.8 ± 15.3 μm/s; GLY, 675.3 ± 43.3 μm/s) were significantly increased by GLY administration compared with the control. I. The ratio of effective stroke velocity to recovery stroke velocity (E/R ratio) did not differ between the two conditions (PBS, 1.29 ± 0.05; GLY, 1.20 ± 0.05)

Back to article page