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Fig. 5 | BMC Pulmonary Medicine

Fig. 5

From: Effects of long-acting muscarinic antagonists on promoting ciliary function in airway epithelium

Fig. 5

Involvement of intracellular calcium ion in the glycopyrronium or tiotropium-mediated promotion of ciliary function The murine tracheal tissues were incubated with glycopyrronium (GLY) or tiotropium (TIO) with/without 2-Aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) for 1 h. Cilia-driven flow and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) were then evaluated. A and B. 2-APB had few effects on GLY-mediated increases of cilia-driven flow (A) (control, 8.73 ± 0.15 μm/s; GLY, 11.66 ± 0.64 μm/s; GLY + 2-APB, 11.04 ± 0.84 μm/s; n = 4 tracheas in each condition) and CBF (B) (control, 14.06 [7.03–19.92] Hz; GLY, 18.17 [12.89–22.27] Hz; GLY + 2-APB, 16.40 [10.55–19.92] Hz; n = 30 cilia in each condition). C and D. 2-APB had few effects on TIO-mediated increases of cilia-driven flow (C) (control, 8.46 ± 0.34 μm/s; TIO, 10.37 ± 0.48 μm/s; TIO + 2-APB, 9.54 ± 0.38 μm/s; n = 3 tracheas in each condition) and CBF (D) (control, 14.06 [10.55–19.92] Hz; TIO, 17.58 [11.72–21.09] Hz; TIO + 2-APB, 16.40 [12.89–19.92] Hz; n = 30 cilia in each condition). E and F. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations were measured using Fura-2/AM in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. Neither treatment with GLY (E) nor TIO (F) changed the fluorescence ratio (F340/F380) of Fura-2 until 50 min (n = 20 cells). Ctrl, control

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