Fig. 6

Examination of involvement of protein kinase A in the glycopyrronium-mediated increase of ciliary beat frequency Well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were incubated with glycopyrronium (GLY) with or without H89, a protein kinase inhibitor with a high specificity for protein kinase A (PKA), for 1 h. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and PKA activity was then evaluated. A. H89 had few effects on GLY-mediated increases in CBF (control, 7.62 [5.86–10.55] Hz; GLY, 9.38 [7.03–12.89] Hz; GLY + H89, 8.79 [7.03–12.89] Hz; n = 30 cilia in each condition). B. GLY treatment had few effects on PKA activity (control, 100 ± 14.95%; GLY, 94.53 ± 18.14%; n = 3). The results are presented as percent of control. Ctrl, control