Table 1 Characteristics of the study population
From: Osteoporosis in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional study
|  | All patients (n = 223) | Normal BMD (n = 64) | Osteopenia (n = 82) | Osteoporosis (n = 77) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 70 (62–76) | 66 (51–76) | 69 (61–75) | 73 (69–78) |
Sex, female | 181 (82.5) | 42 (65.6) | 69 (84.1) | 73 (94.8) |
BMI, kg/m2 | 19.3 (17.4–21.4) | 20.2 (19.0–22.5) | 19.2 (17.6–21.1) | 17.9 (16.3–20.1) |
Disease duration, years | 10 (6–15) | 9 (5–14) | 9 (6–14) | 11 (8–17) |
Treatment history | ||||
 Never treated | 87 (39.0) | 26 (40.6) | 35 (42.7) | 26 (33.8) |
 Previously treated | 25 (11.2) | 9 (14.1) | 8 (9.8) | 8 (10.4) |
 Currently treated | 111 (49.8) | 29 (45.3) | 39 (47.6) | 43 (55.8) |
Smoking status | ||||
 Not current / Current | 221 (99.1) / 2 (0.9) | 63 (98.4) / 1 (1.6) | 81 (98.8) /1 (1.2) | 77 (100) / 0 (0) |
Underlying pulmonary disease | 25 (11.2) | 7 (10.9) | 9 (11.0) | 9 (11.7) |
 History of TB | 6 (2.7) | 4 (6.3) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) |
 Asthma | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) |
 COPD | 2 (0.9) | 1 (1.6) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0) |
 Interstitial lung disease | 5 (2.3) | 2 (3.2) | 3 (3.8) | 0 (0) |
Comorbidities* | ||||
 Diabetes Mellitus | 23 (10.3) | 6 (9.4) | 10 (12.2) | 7 (9.1) |
 Chronic kidney disease | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Connective tissue disease | 15 (6.7) | 3 (4.7) | 7 (8.5) | 5 (6.5) |
Use of immunosuppressive or biological agents | 11 (4.9) | 3 (4.7) | 4 (4.9) | 4 (5.2) |
Bacterial variables | ||||
 NTM species | ||||
  MAC | 204 (91.5) | 56 (87.5) | 74 (90.2) | 74 (96.1) |
  M. abscessus complex | 24 (10.8) | 8 (12.5) | 8 (9.8) | 8 (10.4) |
  M. kansasii | 4 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.4) | 2 (2.6) |
  M. fortuitum | 3 (1.3) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.6) |
 Sputum AFB smear positive†| 82 (36.8) | 19 (29.7) | 26 (31.7) | 37 (48.1) |
 Sputum AFB culture positive†| 120 (53.8) | 35 (54.7) | 43 (52.4) | 42 (54.5) |
 Chronic P. aeruginosa infection | 29 (13.0) | 4 (6.3) | 10 (12.2) | 15 (19.5) |
Pulmonary function test | ||||
 FVC, L | 2.52 (2.07–2.95) | 2.97 (2.52–3.50) | 2.55 (2.12–2.91) | 2.12 (1.68–2.59) |
 FVC, % predicted | 82.0 (70.8–94.6) | 93.7 (78.7–120) | 80.9 (71.5–91.7) | 76.5 (64.7–86.3) |
 FEV1, L | 1.79 (1.49–2.16) | 2.22 (1.77–2.55) | 1.78 (1.50–2.03) | 1.58 (1.24–1.91) |
 FEV1, % predicted | 71.2 (60.9–85.6) | 79.9 (65.5–104) | 70.0 (63.5–79.1) | 67.9 (55.6–80.0) |
 FEV1/FVC | 72.1 (67.2–78.4) | 73.3 (67.9–78.3) | 70.8 (65.6–76.2) | 72.1 (67.8–78.5) |
CT findings | ||||
 Radiographic type | ||||
  NB | 182 (81.6) | 48 (75.0) | 67 (84.8) | 64 (83.1) |
  FC | 5 (2.2) | 2 (3.1) | 2 (2.5) | 1 (1.3) |
  NB + FC | 17 (7.6) | 4 (6.3) | 4 (5.1) | 9 (11.7) |
  Unclassified | 19 (8.5) | 10 (15.6) | 6 (7.6) | 3 (3.9) |
 Presence of cavitary lesion | 47 (21.1) | 8 (12.5) | 15 (18.3) | 24 (31.2) |
 Modified Reiff score | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–5) | 5 (3–6) |
 Number of affected lobes | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (4–6) |
Six-min walk distance, m‡ | 450 (402–500) | 465 (428–515) | 450 (415–498) | 415 (355–480) |