Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics
Demographic and characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
Age (years), mean | 55.7 |
Male sex, n (%) | 23 (76.7) |
Race, n (%) | |
Malay | 15 (50) |
Chinese | 13 (43.3) |
Indian | 2 (6.7) |
Smoking History, n (%) | |
Active smoker | 9 (30) |
Ex- smoker | 9 (30) |
Non smoker | 12 (40) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | 30 (100) |
Cardiovascular disease | |
Hypertension | 17 (56.7) |
Ischemic heart disease | 5 (16.7) |
Atrial fibrillation | 1 (3.6) |
Congestive cardiac failure | 2 (7.1) |
Endocrine disease | |
Diabetes mellitus | 14 (46.7) |
Respiratory disease | |
Pulmonary tuberculosis (in the past) | 2 (6.7) |
Neurological disease | |
Stroke | 3 (10) |
Renal disease | |
Chronic kidney disease | 3 (2 on dialysis) (10) |
Malignancy | |
Lung malignancy | 2 (6.7) |
Haematological malignancy | 1 (3.3) |
Retroperitoneal liposarcoma | 1 (3.3) |
Other | |
HIV | 2 (6.7) |
Thalassemia major | 1 (3.3) |
Pleural infection characteristics | |
Ultrasonographic evidence of septations, n (%) | 30 (100) |
Pleural fluid analysis | |
Bacteria identified in pleural fluid culture, n (%) | 8 (26.7) |
Median LDH, U/L (IQR) | 1034 (550–4395) |
Median pleural fluid glucose, mmol/L (IQR) | 4.9 (1.4–7.9) |
Mean pleural fluid pH (SD) | 8.0 ± 0.49 |
Intercostal catheter | |
> 1 intercostal catheter, n (%) | 11 (36.7) |
Small bore intercostal catheter, ≤ 15 French, n (%) | 26 (86.7) |