Skip to main content

Table 3 Determinants of trajectories for depressive symptoms

From: Determinants of depressive symptom trajectories in self-reported chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Variable

Consistently moderate versus consistently low

Steadily high versus

consistently low

OR

95%CI

P

OR

95%CI

P

Age

1.017

1.001–1.034

0.033

0.994

0.968–1.021

0.656

Sex

 Female

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Male

0.924

0.641–1.332

0.673

0.957

0.512–1.790

0.892

Rural

1.230

0.890–1.699

0.211

1.137

0.664–1.947

0.640

Education level

 Elementary school or below

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Middle school

0.796

0.507–1.251

0.323

2.000

1.057–3.782

0.033

 High school

1.198

0.851–1.686

0.301

1.756

1.010–3.052

0.046

Marital status

 Others*

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Currently married

1.093

0.786–1.521

0.597

1.033

0.589–1.810

0.911

Smoking status

 Non smoker

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Current smoker

1.350

0.953–1.914

0.091

1.372

0.757–2.487

0.297

 Former smoker

1.351

0.892–2.045

0.155

1.520

0.750–3.083

0.245

Drinking status

 None drinker

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Current drinker

0.781

0.547–1.113

0.171

0.544

0.272–1.087

0.085

 Former drinker

0.715

0.495–1.033

0.074

0.874

0.471–1.622

0.670

Sleep duration

1.077

1.011–1.146

0.021

1.009

0.905–1.124

0.871

Chronic conditions

 0–2

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 > 2

1.383

1.058–1.809

0.018

1.077

0.680–1.706

0.752

SRH

 Good

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Poor

0.879

0.586–1.319

0.535

0.596

0.325–1.094

0.095

BADL disability

 No

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Yes

0.763

0.560–1.039

0.086

0.760

0.439–1.315

0.326

IADL disability

 No

 

Reference

  

Reference

 

 Yes

1.089

0.803–1.477

0.582

0.844

0.489–1.455

0.541

BMI

1.047

1.013–1.082

0.007

0.997

0.945–1.053

0.919

HGS

1.005

0.990–1.021

0.495

0.972

0.947–0.996

0.025

Pulse

0.996

0.984–1.007

0.451

0.998

0.979–1.018

0.867

Systolic pressure

0.998

0.989–1.008

0.743

0.997

0.981–1.012

0.674

Diastolic pressure

1.001

0.985–1.018

0.878

1.015

0.987–1.044

0.287

PEF

1.001

0.999–1.002

0.310

0.999

0.997–1.002

0.616

  1. Bold indicates statistical significance
  2. Others*: including widowed, divorced, or unmarried; SRH self-rated health, CES-D scale Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, BADL basic activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living, BMI body mass index, HGS hand grip strength, PEF peak expiratory flow